Electric & Magnetic Fields Out of Phase: Why?

In summary, the phase difference between the electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave can vary depending on the medium it is propagating through. In free space or an idealized loss-less dielectric, they are in phase. However, with the addition of loss in a real dielectric, they are no longer exactly in phase. In a good conductor, they are 45 degrees out of phase. There are analytical solutions, such as in chapter 2 of "Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas" by Sophocles J. Orfanidis, that explain this phenomenon.
  • #1
Shailesh Pincha
17
0
Why can't we have an Electromagnetic wave in which the Electric Field and Magentic Field aren't in phase?
 
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  • #2
You can - it depends on the medium in which the wave is propagating. In free space or an idealized loss-less dielectric they are in phase. Once you add a little loss in the dielectric (as all real dielectrics have) then the fields are no longer exactly in phase. In a good conductor the electric and magnetic fields are 45 degrees out of phase.

jason
 
  • #3
In a good conductor the electric and magnetic fields are 45 degrees out of phase.

jason
Is the 45 degrees for a wave propagating inside the conductor? Thank you.
 
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  • #4
Is the 45 degrees for a wave propagating inside the conductor? Thank you.
Yes.
 
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  • #5
Is there an analytical solution to show that E and M fields in a perfect conductor are out of phase by 45 degrees? (I can handle the calculus.)
 
  • #6

1. What are electric and magnetic fields out of phase?

Electric and magnetic fields are two types of electromagnetic fields that oscillate at different frequencies. When these two fields are out of phase, it means that the peaks and troughs of their oscillations do not line up, resulting in a canceling effect on the overall electromagnetic field.

2. Why do electric and magnetic fields become out of phase?

Electric and magnetic fields can become out of phase due to the natural properties of electromagnetic waves. As the waves travel through space, they can interact with various materials and cause phase shifts. Additionally, electronic devices and power sources can also generate out of phase fields.

3. How does out of phase electric and magnetic fields affect our daily lives?

Out of phase electric and magnetic fields can cause interference with electronic devices, resulting in malfunctions or decreased performance. They can also impact the quality of communication signals, such as radio and television broadcasts. However, the effects on our daily lives are generally minimal and do not pose significant health risks.

4. Can out of phase electric and magnetic fields be harmful to our health?

There is currently no scientific evidence to suggest that out of phase electric and magnetic fields have harmful effects on human health. However, some studies have shown that long-term exposure to high levels of electromagnetic fields may have potential health risks, but more research is needed to fully understand the extent of these effects.

5. How can we limit our exposure to out of phase electric and magnetic fields?

To limit our exposure to out of phase electric and magnetic fields, we can reduce the use of electronic devices and power sources, especially in close proximity to our bodies. Additionally, using shielding materials can help reduce the strength of the fields. However, it is important to note that the levels of exposure to these fields in our daily lives are generally well below the recommended safety limits.

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