Position vs time graph simple harmonic motion phase constant

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on determining the phase constant (Φ) in simple harmonic motion using the equation x(t) = A*cos(ωt+Φ). The amplitude (A) is 10, and at t = 0, the position x(0) is 5, leading to the equation 5 = 10*cos(Φ). The initial calculation yields Φ = π/3, but the correct phase constant is -2π/3. The discrepancy arises from the need to consider the direction of motion at t = 0, which is increasing, thus ruling out π/3 as a valid solution.

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  • Understanding of simple harmonic motion principles
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  • Knowledge of angular velocity and amplitude in oscillatory systems
  • Ability to manipulate and solve equations involving cosine and phase constants
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  • Study the implications of phase constants in simple harmonic motion
  • Learn about the different forms of harmonic motion equations: x(t) = A*cos(ωt+Φ) vs. x(t) = A*sin(ωt+Φ)
  • Investigate the behavior of trigonometric functions in different quadrants
  • Explore the concept of multiple solutions for trigonometric equations and their physical interpretations
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Ly444999
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Homework Statement


http://imgur.com/a/FDfAp
BJKwTzy.png

What is the phase constant?

Homework Equations


x(t) = A*cos(ωt+Φ)

The Attempt at a Solution


If I'm not mistaken at t = 0 the graph starts at half the amplitude or 5. Also the amplitude of this graph is 10, and at t = 0 angular velocity is also 0.
5 = 10*cos(0 + Φ)
Φ = arccos(5/10)
Φ = π/3
The answer is supposed to be -2π/3, I'm not sure what I did wrong or if I'm even doing the question right.
 
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Ly444999 said:

Homework Statement


http://imgur.com/a/FDfAp
What is the phase constant?

Homework Equations


x(t) = A*cos(ωt+Φ)

The Attempt at a Solution


If I'm not mistaken at t = 0 the graph starts at half the amplitude or 5. Also the amplitude of this graph is 10, and at t = 0 angular velocity is also 0.
5 = 10*cos(0 + Φ)
Φ = arccos(5/10)
Φ = π/3
The answer is supposed to be -2π/3, I'm not sure what I did wrong or if I'm even doing the question right.
The phase constant is different if you suppose x(t) as x(t) = A*cos(ωt+Φ) or x(t) = A*cos(ωt-Φ) or x(t) = A*sin(ωt+Φ), x(t) = A*sin(ωt-Φ).
You also have to take into account if the function increases or decreases at t=0. The function in question increases, so the phase can not be pi/3. But it does not mean that -2pi/3 is correct.
 
Ly444999 said:
5 = 10*cos(0 + Φ)
Φ = arccos(5/10)
The arccos function is defined to return a value in a certain range, but there are infinitely many solutions to cos(Φ)=0.5.
What other solutions are there in, say, (-π, π), or (0, 2π) if you prefer?
These all give the right value at t=0, but what about an instant later?
 

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