Potential energy is the energy that an object possesses due to its position or configuration. It is stored energy that can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy, when the object moves or changes its position.
Some examples of potential energy include a raised object, a stretched rubber band, a compressed spring, and a charged battery. In each of these examples, the object has the potential to do work or change its position due to its stored energy.
The amount of potential energy an object possesses is calculated using the formula PE = mgh, where PE is potential energy, m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height or distance from the ground. The unit for potential energy is joules (J).
Potential energy and kinetic energy are two forms of energy that are interrelated. When an object has potential energy, it has the ability to do work and move. When the object moves, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion. The two forms of energy can be converted back and forth depending on the object's position or speed.
Potential energy can be increased by increasing an object's mass or its height from the ground. It can also be increased by stretching or compressing an object, such as a spring. Conversely, potential energy can be decreased by decreasing an object's mass or height, or by releasing the stretched or compressed object.