To quickly check a second-hand laptop for hardware failures, it's essential to test various features including booting, fan operation, physical damage, Wi-Fi and LAN connectivity, USB ports, CD/DVD functionality, battery performance, keyboard and touchpad responsiveness, screen quality, and overall system stability under load. Simple software tools can assist, but thorough physical checks are crucial. To verify if a laptop is stolen, obtaining a receipt from the seller may provide some leverage with law enforcement, but if the laptop is confirmed stolen, no document will guarantee ownership. Keeping all transaction records is important, especially if purchased with a credit card, as it may allow for a chargeback if ownership issues arise later. Credit card companies typically only process chargebacks if the payment has not been completed, emphasizing the need for caution when buying second-hand electronics.