MHB Proving Uniqueness of Fourier Coefficients for Continuous Periodic Functions

[Markov2]

Let $f:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ be a continuous function of period $2\pi.$ Prove that if $\displaystyle\int_0^{2\pi}f(x)\cos(nx)\,dx=0$ for $n=0,1,\ldots$ and $\displaystyle\int_0^{2\pi}f(x)\sin(nx)\,dx=0$ for $n=1,2,\ldots,$ then $f(x)=0$ for all $x\in\mathbb R.$

I know this has to do with the uniqueness of the Fourier coefficients, but I don't know how to solve it.
Thanks!

 

[Ackbach]

Let $f:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ be a continuous function of period $2\pi.$ Prove that if $\displaystyle\int_0^{2\pi}f(x)\cos(nx)\,dx=0$ for $n=0,1,\ldots$ and $\displaystyle\int_0^{2\pi}f(x)\sin(nx)\,dx=0$ for $n=1,2,\ldots,$ then $f(x)=0$ for all $x\in\mathbb R.$

I know this has to do with the uniqueness of the Fourier coefficients, but I don't know how to solve it.
Thanks!

Sounds an awful lot like the Riemann-Lebesgue Lemma. Are the tools of Lebesgue integration available to you?

 

[Opalg]

Let $f:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ be a continuous function of period $2\pi.$ Prove that if $\displaystyle\int_0^{2\pi}f(x)\cos(nx)\,dx=0$ for $n=0,1,\ldots$ and $\displaystyle\int_0^{2\pi}f(x)\sin(nx)\,dx=0$ for $n=1,2,\ldots,$ then $f(x)=0$ for all $x\in\mathbb R.$

I know this has to do with the uniqueness of the Fourier coefficients, but I don't know how to solve it.
Thanks!

This requires some fairly heavy machinery. One method is to use Fejér's theorem, which says that $f$ is the uniform limit of the Cesàro sums $s_n(f)$ of its Fourier series. If all the Fourier coefficients of $f$ are zero then $s_n(f)=0$ for all $n$, and hence $f=0.$