Engineering Q of RLC circuit, confused with provided answer

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the quality factor (Q) of a series RLC circuit, specifically addressing the energy equations and their interpretations. The equation for maximum stored energy is confirmed as ##W_{s-max}=\frac{I_{max}^2}{2Cw^2}## for frequencies below the resonant frequency (w ≤ w0). The energy dissipated per cycle is accurately expressed as ##W_d=\frac{I_{max}^2R\pi}{w}##, with the division by 2 clarified through integration over one period. The relationship between voltage and current in the circuit is also clarified, affirming that ##V=i_{max}/Z## is correct.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of series RLC circuit dynamics
  • Familiarity with energy storage equations in inductors and capacitors
  • Knowledge of impedance in AC circuits
  • Basic calculus for integrating periodic functions
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the quality factor (Q) in RLC circuits
  • Learn about energy dissipation in resistive components of AC circuits
  • Explore the implications of resonance in RLC circuits
  • Investigate the relationship between impedance and phase in AC analysis
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineering students, circuit designers, and anyone involved in analyzing RLC circuits and their performance characteristics.

fahraynk
Messages
185
Reaction score
5

Homework Statement


The main question is to derive the Q of the series RLC circuit. This book shows the whole solution but I have a question about a part of their answer. Basically I want to know how ##\frac{1}{2}CV_{Cmax}^2 = \frac{1}{2}C(\frac{i_{max}^2}{wC}^2)##
to me it looks like they are saying ##V=i_{max}/Z## instead of ##V=IZ##.

Also, at the end why is the energy dissipated per cycle ##W_d=\frac{I_{max}^2R\pi}{w}##.
I think ##I^2R\frac{2\pi}{w}## should be dissipated the energy dissipated per cylce. Why are they leaving it as ##I^2R\frac{\pi}{w}## so that the energy dissipated per cycle is divided by 2? Also then they multiply Q by ##2\pi## at the end which I also found to be strange. Can anyone please shed some light?

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


The book gives the solution:

In the time domain, the instantaneous stored energy in the circuit is given by : ##W_s=\frac{1}{2}Li^2 + \frac{q^2}{2C}##
For a maximum: ##\frac{dW_s}{dt} = Li\frac{di}{dt}+\frac{q}{c}\frac{dq}{dt} = i(L\frac{di}{dt}+\frac{q}{C})=i(V_l+V_C)=0##
Thus, the maximum stored energy is ##W_s## at i=0 or ##W_s## at ##V_L+V_C=0##, whichever is larger. Now the capacitor voltage, and therefore the charge, lags the current by ##90^\circ##; hence, i=0 implies ##q=\pm Q_{max}## and :
##W_{s|i=0} = \frac{Q_{max}^2}{2C} = \frac{1}{2}CV_{Cmax}^2 = \frac{1}{2}C(\frac{I_{max}}{wC})^2=\frac{I_{max}^2}{2Cw^2}##

On the other hand, ##V_L + V_C=0## implies ##V_L=V_C=0## and ##i=\pm I_{max}## so that ##W_{s|V_L+V_C=0}=\frac{1}{2}LI_{max}^2##
It follows that
##W_{s-max}=\frac{I_{max}^2}{2Cw^2}## for ##(w\leq w_0)## and
##W_{s-max}=\frac{LI_{max}^2}{2}## for ##(w \geq w_0)##

The energy dissipated per cycle (in the resistor) is ##W_d=\frac{I_{max}^2R\pi}{w}##. Consequently,
##Q = 2\pi\frac{W_{smax}}{W_d} = \frac{1}{wCR}, (w\leq w_0)## and ##\frac{wL}{R}, (w \geq w_0)##
 
Physics news on Phys.org
fahraynk said:

Homework Statement


The main question is to derive the Q of the series RLC circuit. This book shows the whole solution but I have a question about a part of their answer. Basically I want to know how ##\frac{1}{2}CV_{Cmax}^2 = \frac{1}{2}C(\frac{i_{max}^2}{wC}^2)##
to me it looks like they are saying ##V=i_{max}/Z## instead of ##V=IZ##.
Z = 1/ωC for a capacitor so what they wrote (& which you copied incorrectly BTW) is correct.
Also, at the end why is the energy dissipated per cycle ##W_d=\frac{I_{max}^2R\pi}{w}##.
I think ##I^2R\frac{2\pi}{w}## should be dissipated the energy dissipated per cylce. Why are they leaving it as ##I^2R\frac{\pi}{w}## so that the energy dissipated per cycle is divided by 2?
If you integrate Rimax2sin2(ωt) dt over 1 period = 2π/ω you will get what they state, which is πRimax2/ω.
 
  • Like
Likes fahraynk

Similar threads

  • · Replies 22 ·
Replies
22
Views
2K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
5K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
2K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
4K
Replies
12
Views
2K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
1K
  • · Replies 20 ·
Replies
20
Views
5K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 15 ·
Replies
15
Views
887