Scientists have discovered a second code hiding within DNA

  • Thread starter Thread starter Greg Bernhardt
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Code Dna
Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the discovery of a second code within DNA that purportedly alters the interpretation of genetic instructions and mutations related to health and disease. Participants explore the implications of this finding, its historical context, and the reactions from both the scientific community and media.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants express skepticism about the implications of the discovery, suggesting it may lead to pseudoscience and misinterpretations, particularly in relation to creationism.
  • Others highlight that the authors of the study indicate this dual coding is not a new phenomenon, referencing previous examples of regulatory elements within coding sequences.
  • A participant notes that the media may be exaggerating the significance of the findings, suggesting that the discovery primarily reveals that some regulatory sequences can also encode amino acids.
  • There is mention of the concept of "duons," which are codons that serve dual purposes in specifying amino acids and transcription factor recognition, and how this dual encoding could influence protein evolution.
  • Concerns are raised about the ongoing narrative regarding "junk DNA," with some suggesting that the media's portrayal may be influenced by recent shifts in understanding regarding non-coding regions of DNA.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus; there are multiple competing views regarding the significance of the discovery and its implications for understanding genetic information.

Contextual Notes

Some participants note that the discussion lacks a thorough examination of the original paper, which may affect the interpretation of the findings and their implications.

Messages
19,907
Reaction score
10,910
Biology news on Phys.org
Oh dear - I can just see the pseudoscience and creationism-stuff that will fall out of this article...

"Since the genetic code was deciphered in the 1960s,..." um, was it?
Deciphering a code usually implies that you know what it says.

It gets worse. "information storage device" <sigh>

The science seems fine though.
 
The authors themselves say that it is not a new phenomenon. The advances here seem to be estimates of how pervasive and conserved it is. They cite these as previous examples.

The protooncogene c-jun contains an unusual estrogen-inducible enhancer within the coding sequence
A transcriptional regulatory element in the coding sequence of the human Bcl-2 gene
Transcriptional enhancers in protein-coding exons of vertebrate developmental genes
Discovery and characterization of human exonic transcriptional regulatory elements
Coding exons function as tissue-specific enhancers of nearby genes

The new paper is
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6164/1367.abstract
Exonic Transcription Factor Binding Directs Codon Choice and Affects Protein Evolution
Andrew B. Stergachis, Eric Haugen, Anthony Shafer, Wenqing Fu, Benjamin Vernot, Alex Reynolds, Anthony Raubitschek, Steven Ziegler, Emily M. LeProust, Joshua M. Akey, and John A. Stamatoyannopoulos

Genomes contain both a genetic code specifying amino acids and a regulatory code specifying transcription factor (TF) recognition sequences. We used genomic deoxyribonuclease I footprinting to map nucleotide resolution TF occupancy across the human exome in 81 diverse cell types. We found that ~15% of human codons are dual-use codons (“duons”) that simultaneously specify both amino acids and TF recognition sites. Duons are highly conserved and have shaped protein evolution, and TF-imposed constraint appears to be a major driver of codon usage bias. Conversely, the regulatory code has been selectively depleted of TFs that recognize stop codons. More than 17% of single-nucleotide variants within duons directly alter TF binding. Pervasive dual encoding of amino acid and regulatory information appears to be a fundamental feature of genome evolution."
 
Last edited:
This is one of the most overblown stories I've read in a long time. I haven't read the original paper yet but it seems all they've discovered is that some regulatory sequences contain smaller sequences that would code for amino acids if they were exonic.
 
I think the media is just still on that "junk DNA is not junk!" tip.
 

Similar threads

Replies
1
Views
2K
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
6K
Replies
20
Views
5K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
5K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
4K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 11 ·
Replies
11
Views
6K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
32K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
9K