bert2002 said:How do the following affect seismic scattering ?
1) topography
2) faulting
3) fluid and melt
Any scientific sources are appreciated, thanks
Seismic scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when seismic waves encounter heterogeneities or irregularities in the Earth's subsurface. These waves can be reflected, refracted, or diffracted due to variations in the density, composition, or structure of the rocks, resulting in changes in the direction and amplitude of the wave.
Topography, or the surface features of the Earth, can affect seismic scattering by causing variations in the speed and direction of seismic waves. This is because the physical properties of the rocks that make up the Earth's surface can change abruptly at the interface between different types of terrain, leading to changes in how seismic waves interact with the subsurface.
Faulting, or the movement and displacement of rocks along a fracture in the Earth's crust, can have a significant impact on seismic scattering. Faults can act as barriers or reflectors for seismic waves, causing them to scatter and diffract in different directions. Faults can also change the physical properties of the rocks they cut through, leading to changes in the speed and direction of seismic waves.
The presence of fluids and melts, such as water, oil, or magma, can greatly influence seismic scattering. These materials have different physical properties than solid rocks and can cause seismic waves to scatter and attenuate as they pass through them. The presence of fluids and melts can also affect the speed and direction of seismic waves, as well as create new seismic reflections and refractions.
There are several techniques used to study seismic scattering, including seismic reflection and refraction surveys, seismic tomography, and seismic interferometry. These methods use different types of seismic data and processing techniques to image and map subsurface structures and heterogeneities that can cause scattering of seismic waves.