Series involving gamma functions

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the series involving gamma functions, specifically the expression $\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{\Gamma(a+n)\Gamma(b+n)}{n! \Gamma(c+n)}$ under the condition $c-a-b > 0$. It is established that this series can be simplified using Gauss' hypergeometric theorem, leading to the conclusion that $\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{\Gamma(a+n) \Gamma(b+n)}{n!\Gamma(c+n)} = \frac{\Gamma(a) \Gamma(b) \Gamma(c-a-b)}{\Gamma(c-a) \Gamma(c-b)}$. This result is crucial for applications in mathematical analysis and theoretical physics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of gamma functions and their properties
  • Familiarity with series convergence and summation techniques
  • Knowledge of Gauss' hypergeometric theorem
  • Basic calculus, particularly integration techniques
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties and applications of gamma functions in mathematical analysis
  • Learn about Gauss' hypergeometric function and its significance in various fields
  • Explore advanced series convergence tests and their implications
  • Investigate the relationship between gamma functions and beta functions
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, theoretical physicists, and students studying advanced calculus or mathematical analysis will benefit from this discussion, particularly those interested in series involving special functions.

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$\displaystyle \sum_{n={\bf 0}}^{\infty} \frac{\Gamma(a+n)\Gamma(b+n)}{n! \Gamma(c+n)} \ \ c-a-b > 0$
 
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I don't like this problem. It's really just Gauss' hypergeometric theorem in disguise.$ \displaystyle F(a,b;c;z) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(a)_{n} (b)_{n}}{(c)_{n}} \frac{z_{n}}{n!} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{\Gamma(a+n) \Gamma(b+n) \Gamma(c)}{\Gamma(a) \Gamma(b) \Gamma(c+n)} \frac{z^{n}}{n!} $

$\displaystyle = \frac{1}{B(b,c-b)} \int_{0}^{1} x^{b-1} (1-x)^{c-b-1} (1-zx) ^{-a} \ dx \ \ |z|<1 \ \text{or} \ z=1$ let $z=1$$\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{\Gamma(a+n) \Gamma(b+n) \Gamma(c)}{\Gamma(a) \Gamma(b) \Gamma(c+n)} \frac{1}{n!}
= \frac{B(b,c-a-b)}{B(b,c-b)} = \frac{\Gamma(b) \Gamma(c-a-b) \Gamma(c)}{\Gamma(b) \Gamma(c-b) \Gamma(c-a)} $so $\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{\Gamma(a+n) \Gamma(b+n)}{n!\Gamma(c+n)} = \frac{\Gamma(a) \Gamma(b) \Gamma(c-a-b)}{\Gamma(c-a) \Gamma(c-b)}$
 

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