Solving A problem using kinematics and Energy

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A 1.50 kg snowball is launched from a 12.5 m high cliff at an initial velocity of 14.0 m/s at an angle of 41 degrees. The initial calculations using conservation of mechanical energy suggested a final speed of 21 m/s, while kinematic equations indicated a speed of 18.14 m/s. The discussion highlighted the importance of considering both horizontal and vertical components of velocity to accurately determine the final speed upon impact. The final speed was recalculated to be approximately 20.99 m/s by combining the horizontal and vertical components. Understanding the relationship between speed and velocity was crucial for solving the problem correctly.
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Homework Statement


A ##1.50## kg snowball is fired from a cliff ##12.5##m high with an initial velocity of ##14.0## m/s, directed ##41^{\circ}## above the horizontal. How fast does the ball travel when it hits the ground.

Homework Equations


##E=K+U##
##V^2_f=v^2_i+2a(y_f-y_i)##
##y_f=v_i \sin \theta-gt^2##

The Attempt at a Solution


First using conservation of mechanical energy,
##E=(1/2mv_f^2-1/2mv^2_i)+(0-mgh)##
##v=\sqrt{v^2_i+2mgh} \implies v=\sqrt{14^2+2((9.8)(12.5)}=21m/s##

Using kinematics to verify,
##0=v_i\sin \theta -gt##
##t=\frac{v_i\sin \theta}{g}=\frac{14\sin 41}{9.8}=0.937 s##
##y_f=14\sin 41 (.937)-.5(9.8)(.937)^2=4.3m## which gives the height traveled above the horizontal
Calculate speed ##v=\sqrt{2(9.8)(12.5+4.3)}=18.14m/s##

Which is wrong they both look correct.
 
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lion_ said:

Homework Statement


A ##1.50## kg snowball is fired from a cliff ##12.5##m high with an initial velocity of ##14.0## m/s, directed ##41^{\circ}## above the horizontal. How fast does the ball travel when it hits the ground.

Homework Equations


##E=K+U##
##V^2_f=v^2_i+2a(y_f-y_i)##
##y_f=v_i \sin \theta-gt^2##

The Attempt at a Solution


First using conservation of mechanical energy,
##E=(1/2mv_f^2-1/2mv^2_i)+(0-mgh)##
##v=\sqrt{v^2_i+2mgh} \implies v=\sqrt{14^2+2((9.8)(12.5)}=21m/s##

Using kinematics to verify,
##0=v_i\sin \theta -gt##
##t=\frac{v_i\sin \theta}{g}=\frac{14\sin 41}{9.8}=0.937 s##
##y_f=14\sin 41 (.937)-.5(9.8)(.937)^2=4.3m## which gives the height traveled above the horizontal
Calculate speed ##v=\sqrt{2(9.8)(12.5+4.3)}=18.14m/s##

Which is wrong they both look correct.
The first method looks correct.

In the second method, you completely ignored the horizontal component of the velocity.
 
How is the horizontal component needed? The only thing we are concerned with is the height, thus once the snowball reaches maximum height, it becomes a one dimensional problem regardless of how fast the horizontal component is traveling. It is independent of gravity.
 
lion_ said:
How is the horizontal component needed? The only thing we are concerned with is the height, thus once the snowball reaches maximum height, it becomes a one dimensional problem regardless of how fast the horizontal component is traveling. It is independent of gravity.
How is it not needed?

Aren't you asked:
lion_ said:
How fast does the ball travel when it hits the ground.

How is speed related to velocity?
 
So you need to calculate ##v_f=\sqrt{v_x^2+v_y^2}=\sqrt{14^2\cos^2 41^{\circ}+(18.14)^2}=20.99## I guess that what was missing thanks.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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