Solving for the Speed of a Toy Cannon's Projectile

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the speed of a projectile launched from a toy cannon that utilizes a spring mechanism. The spring has a force constant of 8.00 N/m and is compressed by 5.00 cm to launch a 5.30 g rubber ball. The ball travels 15.0 cm through the barrel, encountering a friction force of 0.032 N. Participants emphasize the importance of applying the conservation of energy principle, specifically incorporating kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy of the spring (PE_spring), while accounting for non-conservative work done by friction.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of kinetic energy (KE = 1/2 mv^2)
  • Knowledge of potential energy in springs (PE_spring = 1/2 kx^2)
  • Familiarity with the conservation of energy principle
  • Basic concepts of friction and its effects on motion
NEXT STEPS
  • Calculate the initial potential energy stored in the spring using the formula PE_spring = 1/2 kx^2.
  • Determine the work done by friction using W_nc = friction force × distance.
  • Apply the conservation of energy equation to find the final speed of the projectile.
  • Explore the effects of varying spring constants and friction forces on projectile speed.
USEFUL FOR

Students in physics, hobbyists interested in mechanics, and educators teaching concepts of energy conservation and projectile motion will benefit from this discussion.

jq.barista
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A toy cannon uses a spring to project a 5.30 g soft rubber ball. The spring is originally compressed by 5.00 cm and has a force constant of 8.00 N/m. When the cannon is fired, the ball moves 15.0 cm through the horizontal barrel of the cannon and barrel exerts a constant friction force of 0.032 N on the ball. a) With what speed does the projectile leave the barrel of the cannon?
I thought to use the equation 1/2mv + 1/2kx = 1/2mv + 1/2kx
But having the friction with the barrel, I got lost, and have no idea where to go from there. Or actually where to start.
 
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jq.barista said:
A toy cannon uses a spring to project a 5.30 g soft rubber ball. The spring is originally compressed by 5.00 cm and has a force constant of 8.00 N/m. When the cannon is fired, the ball moves 15.0 cm through the horizontal barrel of the cannon and barrel exerts a constant friction force of 0.032 N on the ball. a) With what speed does the projectile leave the barrel of the cannon?



I thought to use the equation 1/2mv + 1/2kx = 1/2mv + 1/2kx
But having the friction with the barrel, I got lost, and have no idea where to go from there. Or actually where to start.
Please note that KE is 1/2 mv^2 and PE_spring = 1/2 kx^2. Also you should be familiar with the conservation of total energy equation when non-conservative forces are involved, you know, W_nc = delta KE + delta PE?
Welcome to PF! Please now give it a try.
 

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