Structural Systems: Steel and Reinforced Concrete (RC)

In summary, for a design project, the most commonly used structural systems are either steel or reinforced concrete. It is possible to connect a steel structural system to a reinforced concrete one, typically using threaded rods and a baseplate that is grouted and bolted to the concrete. However, careful calculations are necessary, especially for moment and tension loads. Other considerations include differences in rigidity and thermal expansion, as well as the potential for rust in steel structures. Solutions that allow for rain drainage and inspection of steel surfaces should be considered.
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How can a steel structural system be connected to a reinforced concrete structural system?
I've been looking over precedents for a design project and I noticed that the most commonly used systems are either steel or reinforced concrete structural systems. Is it possible for a steel structural system to be connected to a reinforced concrete structural system? If so, how does it work?
This question excludes the use of composite (steel/concrete) systems.
 
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This is commonly done with steel columns on concrete. Look in any handbook of steel structures or the AISC Steel Construction Manual for column bases or column base plates. Also, and at least as important, look in a book about reinforced concrete, such as Reinforced Concrete Design, by Limbrunner.

The general principle is threaded rods extending out of the concrete that are tied to the rebar in the concrete. The steel is welded/bolted to a baseplate that is grouted and bolted to the concrete. It's common practice, but you do need to do the calculations very carefully. Moment and tension loads especially need careful analysis.
 
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Google images; ' rag-bolt assembly '
 
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Additional considerations:
1) Difference of rigidity of both structures (steel structure tends to move and swing under live loads and, if undesired, it requires attention to bracing).
2) Difference of thermal expansion and contraction.
3) Steel will rust. As much as possible avoid solutions that accumulate rain and provide clearances for painting and for inspection of all steel surfaces.
 

1. What is the difference between steel and reinforced concrete as structural systems?

Steel is a type of structural system that uses steel beams, columns, and frames to support the weight of a building. Reinforced concrete, on the other hand, combines steel reinforcement with concrete to create a stronger and more durable structure.

2. What are the advantages of using steel as a structural system?

Steel is known for its high strength-to-weight ratio, making it a popular choice for tall buildings and structures. It is also very ductile, meaning it can bend without breaking, making it a good choice for areas with high seismic activity. Additionally, steel is fire-resistant and can be easily recycled.

3. What are the advantages of using reinforced concrete as a structural system?

Reinforced concrete is known for its high compressive strength, making it suitable for supporting heavy loads. It is also relatively inexpensive and easy to construct. Additionally, reinforced concrete structures have good resistance to fire and corrosion.

4. How do steel and reinforced concrete work together in a structural system?

In a reinforced concrete structure, the steel reinforcement is placed within the concrete to provide additional strength and support. The concrete protects the steel from corrosion, while the steel provides tensile strength to the structure.

5. What are some common uses of steel and reinforced concrete in structural systems?

Steel is commonly used in high-rise buildings, bridges, and industrial structures. Reinforced concrete is often used in residential and commercial buildings, as well as in infrastructure projects like roads and dams.

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