Temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of the molecules

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SUMMARY

Temperature is defined as the measure of average kinetic energy of gas molecules, directly correlating to the sensation of hotness or coldness. The heating effect experienced is a result of molecular motion, which generates heat through three primary mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction occurs via direct contact, where heat transfers from a hot body to a cooler one, such as a hand. Convection involves the movement of warm air, which rises and is replaced by cooler air, while radiation allows for energy transfer through infra-red waves.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of molecular motion and kinetic energy
  • Knowledge of heat transfer mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation
  • Familiarity with thermodynamic principles
  • Basic concepts of temperature measurement
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the principles of conduction in thermal physics
  • Explore convection currents and their applications in fluid dynamics
  • Study radiation and its role in heat transfer, focusing on infra-red technology
  • Investigate temperature measurement techniques and tools
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, educators in thermodynamics, engineers working with heat transfer systems, and anyone interested in understanding the principles of temperature and heat dynamics.

phymatter
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temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of the molecules of a gas , also temperature is the measure of hotness or coldness of a body , but how does this molecular motion motion produce heating effect that we can feel?!
 
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The friction caused by the molecular motion causes heat.
 


phymatter said:
temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy of the molecules of a gas , also temperature is the measure of hotness or coldness of a body , but how does this molecular motion motion produce heating effect that we can feel?!
Three possible ways: conduction, convection and radiation.

Heat conducts from the hot body to your hand when there is mechanical contact between your hand and the body. The molecules in the body physically impact the molecules in your hand and cause them to move more rapidly. This causes heat to transfer to your hand.

The air around the hot body conducts heat from the body. The air warms. This causes it to be more buoyant so the warm air rises. Cooler air comes into replace it and it too heats up on contact. You can feel this warm air as it circulates around the room.

A body at a temperature \Delta T above the temperature of its surroundings, will radiate more energy than it absorbs. Your hand may absorb some of this radiation (infra-red) and feel heat.

AM
 

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