The length of laser's optical cavity. Multiple of wavelength?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on whether the length of a laser's optical cavity must be a multiple of the wavelength of the laser light to produce coherent light. Participants explore the implications of cavity length on coherence and the role of mirrors in the laser system.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the necessity of the optical cavity length being a multiple of the wavelength for coherence, expressing concerns about precision in mirror placement due to factors like thermal expansion.
  • Another participant asserts that there is no relationship between cavity length and wavelength, emphasizing the role of mirrors in intensifying light.
  • A different participant agrees that mirrors intensify the beam but suggests that coherence arises from stimulated emission in the gain medium, indicating uncertainty about the relationship between cavity length and coherence.
  • One participant introduces the idea that the laser emission frequency has some flexibility, adjusting to establish a standing wave mode, which implies that the cavity length effectively accommodates an integer number of wavelengths.
  • Another participant elaborates that the gain spectrum of a laser is not perfectly discrete, and as long as the longitudinal modes are closely spaced, the system will operate at one of them, although a very short cavity could lead to missing these modes.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the relationship between cavity length and wavelength, with no consensus reached. Some argue that cavity length does not need to be a multiple of the wavelength, while others suggest that it plays a role in establishing coherence.

Contextual Notes

Participants mention factors such as thermal expansion and the finite linewidth of the gain spectrum, which may affect the relationship between cavity length and coherence but remain unresolved in the discussion.

deccard
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In order to produce coherent laser light is it necessary that the length of optical cavity between the mirrors is a multiple of the wavelength of laser light? I cannot see how otherwise the laser been could bee coherent. On the other hand I don't see how it is possible to place the mirrors with nanometer precision so that for example thermal expansion doesn't change the length between the mirrors.
 
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as i know, no relationship. The mirrors for intensify the light.
 
Yes the mirrors are used to intesify the laser beam. And the coherence of the laser beam comes from stimulated emision from atoms in gain medium. But the question in hand raised when I thought how the light is reflected back and forth. But now I'm starting to be pretty confident that it doesn't matter whether the length between mirrors is or is not multiple of the laser waveleangth in order to retain the coherence of light. Especially if the electromagnetic field has to be zero at the reflection surface of mirror.
 
Actually, there is some "give" in the frequency of the laser emission. It adjusts itself to find an operating point which involves a standing wave mode. So it turns out to be an integer number of wavelengths no matter what the actual length of the cavity.
 
To elaborate on what monish said, the gain spectrum of a laser is not really perfectly discrete, and every peak will have a finite linewidth. As long as the longitudinal modes of a Fabry-Perot resonator are spaced sufficiently close together, the system will lase at one of them. You are right, though, in that if one were to construct a system whose linewidth was small compared to the mode spacing (e.g., by making an extremely short cavity), then it is possible for the gain spectrum to "miss" all of the longitudinal modes.
 
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