Thermal equilibrium for ice being added to liquid water

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Homework Help Overview

The problem involves a thermally isolated system where ice is added to liquid water, with the goal of determining the final state and temperature of the system. The initial conditions include ice at 0°C and liquid water at 95°C, with specific volumes and masses calculated for both phases of water.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Assumption checking, Conceptual clarification

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • The original poster attempts to calculate the heat transfer involved in the phase change and temperature changes of both the ice and the liquid water. They express confusion over their calculated temperature change, questioning the validity of their approach.
  • Some participants question the assumption that all the ice can melt, suggesting that not enough heat may be available from the liquid water to achieve complete melting.
  • Others inquire about how to determine the maximum energy that can be extracted from the liquid water and discuss the implications of partial melting of the ice.

Discussion Status

The discussion is ongoing, with participants exploring the implications of heat transfer and phase changes. Guidance has been offered regarding the coexistence of ice and water at 0°C and the constraints of a thermally isolated system. There is recognition of the need to clarify assumptions about the melting of ice and the energy balance involved.

Contextual Notes

The problem is constrained by the thermally isolated nature of the system, which limits heat exchange with the environment. Participants are also grappling with the implications of partial melting and the resulting thermal equilibrium conditions.

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Homework Statement



0.05625 m^3 of H2O(s) is added to a thermally isolated system of 20 L of H2O (l). If the ice was initially at 0 C and the liquid water was initially at 95 C, what is the final state and temperature?

The Attempt at a Solution



I missed class for this so I'm going by what I remember as my book doesn't exactly cover this from what I can tell.

I looked up the density for solid water at 0 C and converted the volume to mass, there are 51.4 kg H2O (s)

I looked up the density for liquid water at 95 C and converted the volume to mass, there are 19.2 kg H2O (l)

Ice is going to gain energy as it goes from a phase change of solid to liquid. The liquid mass that was once ice is then going to gain energy as it reaches thermal equilibrium with the liquid water originally at 95 C. The source of the heat is going to be the liquid water. Since heat in = heat out,

q (phase change) + q (temp. raise) = q (temp. lower)

I calculated q (phase change) by looking up the heat of fusion of H2O which is 334 J/g.
q (phase change) = (334 J/g)(51,400g)

The specific heat of water is (4.184 J/g),
q (temp. raise) = (4.184 J/g)(51,400g) Δt

Similarly,
q (temp. lower) = (4.184 J/g)(19,200g) Δt

Putting it all together:

(334 J/g)(51,400g) + (4.184 J/g)(51,400g) Δt = (4.184 J/g)(19,200g) Δt

But this gives a Δt of 127.4 K which doesn't make sense considering the initial temperatures. It's been a while since I've covered this topic and can't really tell what I'm doing wrong. Would anyone be able to point me in the right direction?
 
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Not all of the ice (solid water) can melt; there's not enough heat which can be extracted from the liquid water to do so. You basically have a big glass of ice water here.
 
That's a first for any of these problems I've ever seen.

How would I go about finding out the maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from the liquid water?

I'd assume that if not all of the ice can be converted to liquid water, then only enough can be converted so that which has been converted to liquid reaches thermal equilibrium with the liquid water... but then the remaining ice remains there without any change in temperature? Seems unintuitive...
 
Remember, once the liquid water and the ice have reached the same temperature, heat transfer stops. There's nothing that says ice and water can't coexist at 0 degrees C.

Since the container is 'thermally isolated', no additional heat can enter from the surroundings to melt the ice. It's one reason why a thermos bottle or a dewar's flask is a handy device to have on a warm day, or even a tall glass with a lot of ice cubes.
 

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