In transverse waves, a particle reaches maximum velocity at the equilibrium point due to the forces acting on it, but it stops suddenly because it transitions from kinetic to potential energy as it approaches the equilibrium position. The discussion highlights the difference between single pulses and continuous waves, noting that maximum speed occurs at the steepest part of a pulse rather than at the zero crossing. The behavior of a single pulse can create the illusion of the string stopping, but this is a result of the dynamics of wave propagation. Additionally, achieving a perfect unidirectional pulse on a string can be challenging, often resulting in overswing. Understanding these principles is crucial for comprehending wave mechanics.
