Trigonometric functions, particularly sine waves, can represent relationships between variables, especially in periodic contexts, but extending this to multi-dimensional relationships requires more complex mathematical constructs. While a sine wave is inherently one-dimensional, it can be adapted to describe phenomena in higher dimensions through functions like z = f(x, y) or using spherical harmonics for multi-dimensional analysis. The discussion also touches on the challenge of quantifying morality, suggesting that morality may not fit neatly into a linear scale, as it involves multiple dimensions and factors. The concept of topology is introduced as a field that studies the relationships and dimensions of mathematical spaces. Overall, the conversation emphasizes the need for clear definitions and mappings when attempting to quantify complex relationships, whether in mathematics or moral philosophy.