Understanding and Operating on 1/|x| in Spherical Coordinates

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Given the term 1/|x|, and assuming in the context of the problem that a spherical coordinate basis is preferred, how can I write 1/|x| so that I can perform operations on it (gradient, etc), i.e in terms of it's unit vectors? Sorry about the vagueness of the question, but I think that's the source of my confusion.
 
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The norm of a vector in spherical coordinates is simply r. So 1/|x|=1/r. Gradient e.g. is (-1/r^2)*ur, where ur is the unit vector in the r direction. Is that too easy?
 
There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...
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