Understanding Determinants: Calculation and Function

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What does a determinant do exactly (what is it)? And what is the general method of calculating it?
 
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The determinant is mainly used to determine whether or not a square matrix is invertible. There are other applications as well. (ie. Cramer's rule for determining solutions to a system of linear equations)

The method used is generally the http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/Classes/LinAlg/MethodOfCofactors.aspx" (note link)
 
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hmm...I see...I've practically forgotten the concept of matrices, but thanks. If possible, do you know of a site that simply goes through the fundamentals of matrices? And (this question is slightly random)...what is a lattice point?
 
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Thanks for the help.
 
There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...
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