Understanding Direction of Wave Propagation with Poincaire Sphere

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the use of the Poincaré Sphere to represent the polarization states of transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waves. It specifically addresses the confusion regarding the representation of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves when their propagation direction changes. The example provided illustrates that both left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves can be plotted at the north pole of the Poincaré Sphere, leading to a misunderstanding of how propagation direction influences polarization representation. The conclusion emphasizes the need for clarity on how the Poincaré Sphere accounts for wave propagation direction in its plotting methodology.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave properties
  • Familiarity with the concept of polarization states
  • Knowledge of the Poincaré Sphere and its application in polarization representation
  • Basic grasp of wave propagation and phase relationships
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the mathematical representation of polarization states in TEM waves
  • Explore the implications of wave propagation direction on polarization using the Poincaré Sphere
  • Learn about the relationship between phase difference and polarization state in TEM waves
  • Investigate advanced topics in wave optics, focusing on the Poincaré Sphere's applications
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Students and professionals in optics, electrical engineering, and physics, particularly those focusing on wave propagation and polarization analysis.

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My doubt arises because I couldn't understand how a Poincaire Sphere gives us info about direction of propagation of wave. Now as we know Poincaire sphere is a neat way of showing the polarization state of an TEM wave. Now ,let me give an example to illustrate my doubt : -

Let us take a uniform plane TEM wave traveling in +z direction which is composed of two linearly polarised TEM waves , one whose electric field lies in X direction , the other whose electric field lies in Y direction . Let us take the case of circular polarisation
so we take ,

Ex = E0 cos([tex]\omega[/tex] t - [tex]\beta[/tex] z) ax
Ey = E0 cos([tex]\omega[/tex] t - [tex]\beta[/tex] z + [tex]\pi[/tex]\2) ay

Now the resultant TEM wave has the Electric field vector left handed circularly polarised .
On the Poincaire Sphere this will be given by the north pole point.
Suppose we had same wave but traveling in -ve z direction.
Ex = E0 cos([tex]\omega[/tex] t + [tex]\beta[/tex] z) ax
Ey = E0 cos([tex]\omega[/tex] t + [tex]\beta[/tex] z + [tex]\pi[/tex]\2) ay
So the wave should be right handed circularly polarised(I hope I am right here ) . Now as far as I know , while plotting the polarisation state on the Poincaire sphere we simply take the Phase difference between the two waves and the ratio of their magnitudes into consideration .So according to me , this wave will also be plotted on the north pole point.

Isn't this a discrepancy (maybe of my understanding) that a right handed circular polarised wave is getting plotted to north pole. So do we invert the Poincaire sphere if we reverse direction of propagation of wave?

My doubt basically boils down to this - while plotting Polarisation state of a TEM wave on a Poincaire sphere , how is the direction of propagation of the TEM wave taken into account ?
 
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please help in solving my doubt! I hope I was clear in stating the doubt!
 

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