Understanding Homotopies and Degree Invariance in Topology

  • Thread starter Thread starter jgens
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Confusion
AI Thread Summary
The discussion centers on a homotopy defined by h:S^1 × I → S^1, which is intended to connect the constant map 1 to the identity function on S^1. It highlights the confusion regarding degree invariance, noting that while degree is homotopy invariant, the degrees of the two maps differ: deg(1) = 0 and deg(id) = 1. A key point raised is that the map is not continuous for t values between 0 and 1, particularly at t = -1/2, leading to a breakdown in the homotopy. The visualization of the mapping shows that as t decreases, the arcs shrink, indicating a failure in maintaining continuity. The realization of this error clarifies the misunderstanding about the continuity of the homotopy.
jgens
Gold Member
Messages
1,575
Reaction score
50
Consider h:S^1 \times I \to S^1 defined by h(s,t) = s^t. This is a homotopy from the constant map 1 to the identity function on S^1. On the other hand, it's easy to show that degree is homotopy invariant. However, we have \mathrm{deg}(1) = 0 while \mathrm{deg}(id) = 1. Clearly, I've got something mixed up with how I'm thinking about homotopies. Can anybody shed some light on my error?
 
Mathematics news on Phys.org
The map st is not continuous for t not equal to zero or 1. For example when you're taking t=-1/2, then numbers that look like .9999-.0001i get mapped near -1 and 1 gets mapped to 1.

To visualize this, as t goes from one to zero the image of the map st is smaller and smaller arcs of the circle. Right at the start the first thing you do is break the circle in order to make a non-full arc - this is where the homotopy is broken
 
Aw, I see what I messed up. I figured that h was continuous, but you're right that it's clearly not. Thanks!
 
Suppose ,instead of the usual x,y coordinate system with an I basis vector along the x -axis and a corresponding j basis vector along the y-axis we instead have a different pair of basis vectors ,call them e and f along their respective axes. I have seen that this is an important subject in maths My question is what physical applications does such a model apply to? I am asking here because I have devoted quite a lot of time in the past to understanding convectors and the dual...
Insights auto threads is broken atm, so I'm manually creating these for new Insight articles. In Dirac’s Principles of Quantum Mechanics published in 1930 he introduced a “convenient notation” he referred to as a “delta function” which he treated as a continuum analog to the discrete Kronecker delta. The Kronecker delta is simply the indexed components of the identity operator in matrix algebra Source: https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/what-exactly-is-diracs-delta-function/ by...

Similar threads

Back
Top