Understanding the Hall Effect: Explanation of Electrons and Resultant Voltage"

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    Hall effect
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Discussion Overview

The discussion focuses on the Hall Effect, specifically the behavior of electrons in a magnetic field and the resultant voltage generated in a conductive material. Participants explore the underlying principles and mechanisms involved in this phenomenon.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant asks for an explanation of the Hall Effect and questions why a voltage arises when electrons move in a magnetic field perpendicular to the wire.
  • Another participant introduces the Lorentz force as a key concept, explaining that when a current flows in a material placed in a magnetic field, the electrons experience a force that causes them to accumulate on one side of the material, leading to a voltage difference.
  • A subsequent post seeks clarification on whether the Lorentz force is responsible for the clustering of electrons that creates the voltage.
  • A later reply refines the explanation, stating that the Lorentz force causes an imbalance of charge distribution rather than directly causing the voltage itself, emphasizing that this charge imbalance is what defines the voltage.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the precise relationship between the Lorentz force and the creation of voltage, indicating that there is no consensus on the explanation of the Hall Effect.

Contextual Notes

There are nuances regarding the definitions of current and charge carriers, as well as the directional conventions used in the discussion, which may affect the clarity of the explanations provided.

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Can someone explain the Hall Effect? If electrons are moving inside a magnetic field that is perpendicular to the wire, then perpendicular to both the wire and the magnetic field will be a resultant voltage? Why does this voltage arise?
 
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Do you know about Lorentz force?
Because that basically explains it.

You are driving a current to a slab of material. To be rigorous, let's put the material in the (x,y) plane and let the current flow in the x-direction*. If you also apply a magnetic field in the z-direction, then the electrons that make up the current will experience a Lorentz force. By the basic physical laws, this force acts in the y-direction. So inside the slab, in the direction perpendicular to the currrent, a voltage is building up. After all, this means precisely that on one side electrons "clutter" together and on the other side they become scarcer. This can indeed simply be measured by applying a volt meter across the material in the y-direction.

[small]*) I'm not thinking about directions here: that's a little tricky with the conventions for current flowing in the opposite direction as the actual current carriers, the electrons. I suggest you sit down and work it out for yourself.[/small]
 
The Lorentz force causes the electrons to clutter, which creates a voltage?
 
Well, not really.
It just draws electrons more to one side of the material than to the other side.
So there is more charge on one side than on the other side.
Of course, this is precisely what we mean by a "voltage".
 

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