Universe Expansion - Terminal Velocity?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion explores the concept of the universe's expansion and whether it can be characterized by a terminal velocity. Participants examine the implications of relative velocity in the context of general relativity and the nature of space expansion.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests viewing the universe's expansion as a "falling away" from a starting point, questioning the existence of a terminal velocity in this context.
  • Another participant emphasizes that velocity is relative and must be defined with respect to specific objects, noting that general relativity complicates this notion.
  • A participant mentions that the apparent velocity of galaxies can exceed the speed of light due to the cosmological constant, leading to scenarios where distant galaxies become unobservable.
  • It is proposed that the Hubble sphere plays a role in determining expansion rates, with references to a paper discussing superluminal and subluminal patches of spacetime.
  • One participant argues that space expansion does not have a terminal velocity, as the speed of light limit applies only to matter moving within space.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

The discussion contains multiple competing views regarding the nature of velocity in the context of cosmic expansion, and no consensus is reached on the existence of a terminal velocity for the universe.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the complexity of defining velocity in general relativity and the implications of the cosmological constant on observable velocities, indicating that assumptions about relative motion and definitions of velocity are critical to the discussion.

Efar
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If one looks at the expansion(increasing in speed) of the universe as a "falling away" from The Beginning(not religious,I just hate the Big Bang term)in all directions,and Time as an expansion rather than a linear progression,What is the terminal velocity of the universe?
 
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Velocity is relative, so you'd have to specify the velocity of some object relative to some other object.

General relativity does not have a uniquely defined notion of the velocity of one object relative to another distant object.

Suppose that you pick as your measure of relative velocity the apparent velocity of galaxy B as determined by its redshift measured by an observer A, who crunches the numbers as if it were a special-relativistic redshift. Then because of the cosmological constant, this velocity will eventually surpass c for any given pair of galaxies A and B, after which B will no longer be observable to A.

On the other hand, there are other measures of relative velocity according to which B could have *always* had a velocity greater than c relative to A, and yet be observable to A: Davis and Lineweaver, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 21 (2004) 97, msowww.anu.edu.au/~charley/papers/DavisLineweaver04.pdf
 
The Hubble sphere determines expansion rates. A photon that originated in a superluminal patch of spacetime can eventually reach a subluminal patch of spacetime. This is discussed in the Lineweaver paper bcrowell linked.
 
Space expansion doesn't have a terminal velocity that we know of since the speed of light limit doesn't apply to it but only to matter moving within space itself.
 

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