To implement a while loop in C that allows a user to choose whether to terminate or repeat a program, the correct structure involves using a conditional check with the equality operator (==). The loop should continue executing as long as the user inputs a specific value, such as 2 for repeating the program. The user input should be captured using `scanf`, ensuring to use the address operator (&) to avoid infinite loops caused by incorrect memory referencing. For example, a typical implementation would involve initializing a variable, prompting the user for input, and checking that input within the loop. If the user inputs 2, the loop continues; if they input 1, the loop terminates. Additionally, using boolean variables can enhance code readability. It’s crucial to differentiate between data types, such as integers and characters, when processing user input to prevent errors. The use of the `break;` statement can also be considered for controlling loop execution.