Copper exhibits two common valencies, +1 and +2, due to its electron configuration and the ability to lose different numbers of electrons. While it has a tendency to form a +1 oxidation state, it can also achieve a +2 state, which is more prevalent in many compounds. Although higher oxidation states like +3 and +4 exist, they are less frequently discussed in basic chemistry education, leading to a focus on the +1 and +2 states. This dual valency is a key characteristic of copper's chemical behavior and its role in various compounds.