The velocity of a ball increases when rolling down a downward sloping plane due to the gravitational force component acting in the same direction as the motion. Conversely, when the ball rolls up an upward sloping plane, its velocity decreases because gravity opposes its motion. The change in velocity is directly related to the angle of the slope and the gravitational force acting on the ball. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for analyzing motion on inclined planes. The relationship between slope and velocity is fundamental in physics.