Vibration in sanders is achieved through periodic mechanical motion, where a mass moves back and forth over a specific displacement. This motion can be generated using linear or rotational electric motors that create periodic movements. Additionally, piezoelectric materials can produce vibrations by toggling an electric field on and off, which is fundamental in ultrasonic devices. Understanding these mechanisms provides insight into how vibration sanders operate effectively. The discussion highlights the importance of both motor types and piezoelectric technology in creating vibrations.