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scott_alexsk
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Is there any violation of the octet rule in the second period elements?
-scott
-scott
movies said:Also the superoxide radical, O2 with an extra electron. It's found in biological systems.
Hootenanny said:Just to add, this is a biradical, with an unpaired electron on each oxygen atom.
~H
scott_alexsk said:What about S8?
-scott
thanks GokulGokul43201 said:It just is.
Careful quantum calculations show that there is a deep local minimum of the potential energy for filled ns and np subshells. There are also shallow local minima at half-filled subshells. These are just the results of very complex calculations and it's hard to simplify things - in my opinion - to any considerable extent without being "a little" dishonest.
Thanks for your helpGokul43201 said:Malay, this question is fairly unrelated to the rest of this thread.
I have a couple of suggestions for you.
1. Read post #3 in the Physics FAQ thread : https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=104715
It does not directly answer your question, but addresses some part of it.
2. If you still have something you want to ask, start a new thread in the appropriate Physics subforum - General Physics will work - and ask your question there.
The octet rule is a chemical principle that states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve a stable outer electron shell with eight electrons, similar to the noble gases.
A violation of the octet rule occurs when an atom has an electron configuration that does not follow the typical pattern of eight valence electrons in its outer shell. This can happen in certain molecules or ions due to the presence of an odd number of valence electrons or atoms with more than eight valence electrons.
Some examples of violations of the octet rule include molecules like boron trifluoride (BF3), which has only six valence electrons around the central boron atom, and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which has 12 valence electrons around the central sulfur atom.
A violation of the octet rule can result in molecules or ions with unusual properties, such as being highly reactive or having a distorted molecular shape. This can also affect the stability and reactivity of the compound, as well as its ability to form chemical bonds with other substances.
No, the octet rule is not always violated in molecules. It is a general guideline based on observations, and there are exceptions to the rule. For example, molecules with an expanded octet, such as phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), can still follow the octet rule while having more than eight valence electrons in their outer shells.