Vitamin D is primarily obtained through sun exposure, specifically from ultraviolet (UV) B radiation, which has a wavelength of 290-315 nanometers. When UVB rays hit the skin, they initiate a biochemical reaction that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol into previtamin D3, which then transforms into vitamin D3. Several factors influence this process, including season, geographic latitude, time of day, cloud cover, air pollution, skin melanin content, and the use of sunscreen. Notably, regions above 42 degrees north latitude experience insufficient UV radiation for vitamin D synthesis from November to February, while areas below 34 degrees north can produce vitamin D year-round.