These cells work better if you use copper sulfate solution instead of the lemon juice. Careful, it is toxic.nasu said:See "electrochemical cell polarization".
What you see is normal for these home made cells.
To measure the voltage of an electrochemical cell, you will need a voltmeter. Connect the positive lead of the voltmeter to the positive terminal of the cell and the negative lead to the negative terminal. The voltage reading on the voltmeter is the voltage of the cell.
Voltmeter values drop with time when measuring an electrochemical cell because of the internal resistance of the cell. As the cell operates, the chemicals inside the cell are consumed, leading to a decrease in the voltage produced. This results in a drop in the voltmeter reading over time.
Yes, it is normal for voltmeter values to fluctuate when measuring an electrochemical cell. This is due to the constant chemical reactions happening inside the cell, which can cause minor changes in the voltage produced. These fluctuations are usually small and should not significantly affect the overall voltage reading.
To ensure accurate voltmeter readings when measuring an electrochemical cell, make sure to use a high-quality and calibrated voltmeter. Also, take multiple readings at different times and calculate an average to account for any fluctuations. It is also important to make sure the voltmeter leads are securely connected to the cell terminals to avoid any false readings.
Yes, you can measure the voltage of an electrochemical cell without a voltmeter by using a multimeter set to the voltage measurement mode. However, the accuracy of the reading may be lower compared to using a voltmeter designed specifically for this purpose.