A What Are Examples of Exotic Order-Disorder Phase Transitions?

reterty
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I am looking for possible examples and a variant of Landau's theory of phase transitions for an exotic order-disorder phase transition, in which a thermodynamic system jumps into a disordered (or less orderly) state by reaching the maximum critical value of the order parameter. That is, in one phase, with a change in temperature or pressure, the order parameter first gradually increases and then sharply vanishes during the transition. I think that a highly ordered state, even in equilibrium systems, may turn out to be thermodynamically unstable.
 
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Could you say how your scenario is different from a standard first-order transition within Landau theory? I imagine the minimum of a potential (as a function or order parameter) moving the right or left while a local minimum centered at zero lowers in potential until it eventually becomes the global minimum.
 
the minimum of a potential moving the right, whereas in the standart first-order transition within Landau theory it moves left.
 
I think, I found this type of transitions. They are realized by increasing the pressure at a fixed temperature for substances with an anomalous dependence of the melting point on pressure (decreasing it with increasing pressure). Such substances include bismuth, antimony, ice, cast iron and germanium. In this case, the order parameter increases to the left of the transition, since the number of point defects of the Schottky and Frenkel type decreases with increasing pressure.
 
Hi. I have got question as in title. How can idea of instantaneous dipole moment for atoms like, for example hydrogen be consistent with idea of orbitals? At my level of knowledge London dispersion forces are derived taking into account Bohr model of atom. But we know today that this model is not correct. If it would be correct I understand that at each time electron is at some point at radius at some angle and there is dipole moment at this time from nucleus to electron at orbit. But how...
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