To effectively learn Java programming, it is crucial to grasp the fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), as Java is entirely OOP-based. Beginners should focus on understanding core concepts such as variables, functions, and objects. A practical approach to learning is to develop a simple project, like a text-based calculator, which helps reinforce these concepts. Reliable resources for learning include textbooks, Oracle's online tutorials, and educational videos on platforms like YouTube. Additionally, understanding Java's strong and static typing, as well as memory management when creating objects and declaring variables, is essential for mastering the language.