The discussion centers around the unique structure of certain galaxies, specifically those shaped like a torus, where gas, dust, and star-forming regions are located on the surface. Participants mention Hoag's Object as an example of a ring galaxy, characterized by a central blob of older reddish stars surrounded by a ring of younger blue stars. Theories suggest that such galaxies may have originated from barred spirals that underwent structural changes due to collisions with other galaxies, leading to phenomena like expanding ripples of star formation. The conversation also touches on the distribution of matter within these galaxies, questioning the accuracy of the toroidal description, as some argue that the matter appears evenly distributed rather than forming a distinct toroidal shape. The central region of these galaxies is identified as a collection of older stars rather than a quasar.
