What Is b^2-4ac? Quadratic Formula Explained

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of the discriminant in the context of the quadratic formula, specifically the expression \(b^2 - 4ac\). Participants explore its definition, significance in determining the nature of solutions to quadratic equations, and its relationship with methods such as completing the square. The scope includes theoretical understanding and references to educational resources.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Homework-related

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants identify \(b^2 - 4ac\) as the discriminant and discuss its role in indicating whether a quadratic equation has real or complex solutions.
  • It is noted that the discriminant can differentiate between two real solutions, one real and repeated solution, and two complex solutions based on its value being positive, zero, or negative, respectively.
  • Several participants suggest that information about the discriminant can be found in algebra textbooks, particularly under the topic of quadratic equations.
  • One participant explains that the discriminant is involved in the derivation of the quadratic formula through completing the square, although it does not appear explicitly in that method.
  • A participant mentions that while solving a quadratic equation using completing the square, the discriminant can be left uncomputed until the end of the process.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the definition and significance of the discriminant, but there is no consensus on the best resources for learning about it, as some express difficulty finding it in their textbooks.

Contextual Notes

Some participants reference the discriminant's role in different methods of solving quadratic equations, highlighting that its presence may vary depending on the approach taken.

askor
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As we know that ##x_{1,2}## of a quadratic function can be found with the below formula:

##\frac{-b ± \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}##

What do you call the ##b^2 - 4ac##?
 
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It's the discriminant, if I spelled that right.
Its value let's you know if you have complex or real solutions.
 
462chevelle said:
It's the discriminant, if I spelled that right.
Yes, you spelled it correctly.
462chevelle said:
Its value let's you know if you have complex or real solutions.
It discriminates between two real solutions, one real and repeated solution, and two complex solutions, depending on whether the discriminant is positive, zero, or negative, respectively.
 
I wasn't able to find about discriminant in my Calculus textbook.

What book I can found about this discriminant?
 
I would look in an algebra book
 
askor said:
I wasn't able to find about discriminant in my Calculus textbook.

What book I can found about this discriminant?
You should be able to find this in any algebra book. Look under quadratic equations.
 
Mondayman said:
You should be able to find this in any algebra book. Look under quadratic equations.
Yes, that is right. Any intermediate or college algebra textbook will discuss the discriminant of a quadratic equation or of a quadratic expression.

The discriminant occurs when you use Completing the Square to generally solve a quadratic equation; as well as if you use Completing the Square to solve a particular quadratic equation.
 
symbolipoint said:
The discriminant occurs when you use Completing the Square to generally solve a quadratic equation; as well as if you use Completing the Square to solve a particular quadratic equation.
The discriminant shows up in the Quadratic Formula, which is derived by completing the square. If you solve a quadratic equation by completing the square, you won't see the discriminant.

For example, solve ##x^2 - 4x - 1 = 0##
1. By Quadratic Formula
##\Rightarrow x = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{4^2 - (4\cdot 1 \cdot (-1)}}{2} = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{20}}{2} = 2 \pm \sqrt{5}##
Here the discriminant is ##b^2 - 4ac## = 16 - (-4) = 20

2. By completing the square
##x^2 - 4x - 1 = 0##
##\Rightarrow x^2 - 4x + 4 = 1 + 4##
##\Rightarrow (x - 2)^2 = 5##
##\Rightarrow x - 2 = \pm \sqrt{5}##
##\Rightarrow x = 2 \pm \sqrt{5}##

Notice that the discriminant (20) never explicitly appears in completing the square.
 
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Mark44 shows the ordinary algebra step behavior, that we usually simplify from one step to the next, and we do not then see the uncomputed expression for the discriminant. If we WANTED to, we could leave that part uncomputed, and finish its computation last.
 

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