A sinusoidal wave current (AC) involves electrons oscillating back and forth rather than moving in a single direction, unlike direct current (DC), where electrons flow continuously from one point to another. In AC circuits, the potential difference alternates, causing the electrons to move between two points without a net displacement, oscillating at a frequency, typically 50Hz. The drift speed of electrons in AC is very slow, often just millimeters per second, meaning they oscillate over short distances relative to the circuit's length. Despite this slow movement, electricity remains efficient for energy transfer because the signal, or electromagnetic wave, travels at a much higher speed. Understanding these principles clarifies the differences between AC and DC currents and their behaviors in electrical circuits.