What Would Happen if the Sun Suddenly Stopped Emitting Energy?

[pinestone]

Just sitting around BS'ing with a couple of friends this morning about the solar system and gravitational balance- and I began to wonder how long the Earth and its inhabitants would last if the sun suddenly quit emitting energy.

How long would our atmosphere retain enough heat to keep us from freezing to death?
Would we just fly off into another part of our galaxy without its gravitational pull?
Would the moon come crashing into us?

Hmmmmmmmmmmmmm...

 

[Jimmy Snyder]

Global warming would be less of an issue.

 

[Schrodinger's Dog]

Just sitting around BS'ing with a couple of friends this morning about the solar system and gravitational balance- and I began to wonder how long the Earth and its inhabitants would last if the sun suddenly quit emitting energy.

How long would our atmosphere retain enough heat to keep us from freezing to death?
Would we just fly off into another part of our galaxy without its gravitational pull?
Would the moon come crashing into us?

Hmmmmmmmmmmmmm...

I suspect we'd all be dead in a few days.

Without gravitational pull of the sun we'd probably end up plunging off into a randomish course, but we'd all be dead before this made much difference to anything.

 

[NeoDevin]

Probably if we knew it was coming we could survive longer. Most of our power is not generated from the sun, and artificial light could be used to grow food...

 

[russ_watters]

Just sitting around BS'ing with a couple of friends this morning about the solar system and gravitational balance- and I began to wonder how long the Earth and its inhabitants would last if the sun suddenly quit emitting energy.

How long would our atmosphere retain enough heat to keep us from freezing to death?

Well, at night the temperature typically drops 30 degrees. That'll slow down after a while, but still, a few days of that and the Earth would be uninhabitably cold.

Would we just fly off into another part of our galaxy without its gravitational pull?
Would the moon come crashing into us?

Gravitationally, if the sun suddenly ceased to exist, we wouldn't notice anything except that after a little while (hours? days?) other objects in space (stars, planets, deep space probes) would be in the wrong place.

The moon orbits the Earth - it wouldn't fall to Earth if the sun disappeared.

 

[BobG]

How long would our atmosphere retain enough heat to keep us from freezing to death?

Use Newton's cooling equation. You'd need to set a minimum survivable temperature. You'd also need to settle on a coefficient of cooling. The second would be hard. You'd use one for heat radiated from the atmosphere into space. But, at the same time, the oceans and land would add some heat to the atmosphere as they cooled (using the same equation, except the surrounding temperature of the atmosphere would be constantly changing).

Considering how fast the temperature drops between daytime and nightime, it wouldn't take very long. The only difference is that the Earth would never have a day time to warm back up. In fact, rather than calculating an accurate model, the drop from daytime temp to night time temp might provide a decent rough estimate for the cooling coefficient.

As russ noted, the stars would be in the wrong place. They'd be off by about 1 degree per day. In other words, instead of shifting day by day the way they're supposed to, they'd maintain a constant location relative to the time of day.

We'd be dead long before we moved far enough to notice the constellations actually changing shape.

 

[Astronuc]

One hemisphere (whichever one had winter) would continue to cool off, while the hemisphere with the sun, would lag in temperature by 12-24 hrs or so.

I imagine the side that was at night would get pretty darn cold - pretty quick and there would probably be high winds while the colder parts of the atmosphere condensed ahead of the rest.

The temperature dropped about 20°C in 6 hrs yesterday between mid afternoon (~1500) to 2100. I've had the house cool off from 68° to 40° F in a few hours during the winter when we lost power.

 

[Poop-Loops]

Gravitationally, if the sun suddenly ceased to exist, we wouldn't notice anything except that after a little while (hours? days?) other objects in space (stars, planets, deep space probes) would be in the wrong place.

8 minutes. Tides are effected by the sun, too, aren't they?

 

[Mk]

What about using geothermal heat to stay alive?

 

[W3pcq]

All of our plants would die, and no longer supply us with 02. We would need to build huge underground cities that used nuclear power/geothermal for heat and energy. We would probably be forced to use water for fuel and oxygen. I think man would survive, for a while, but the population size would be much much smaller.

 

[Danger]

Is anyone else getting flashbacks to 'Space:1999'?

 

[Jimmy Snyder]

All of our plants would die, and no longer supply us with 02.

Sun disappears! Women and minorities hardest hit. Film at 11:00.

I'm not sure what burrowing underground would buy us. I should think we could build insulated buildings more easily. The greenhouse effect and the loss of the ozone layer wouldn't be problems any more.

We would have to find some way to rescue the plants. We would run out of canned goods too quickly otherwise. We would have to design a self-sustaining ecosystem with us in it. One that is not based on unreliable sources of energy like the ephemeral Sun. I see this as a weakness in the Liberal agenda.

 

[makethings]

Jupiter and Saturn will collide as they would be the two massive objects gravitationally attracted to each other. The other gas planets would soon join and then we would have enough mass to ignite and create a little dwarf star and voila! Earth will have a new body to orbit again.

And before our energy reserves deplete, we would hopefully refine our helium 3 reactors technology and use it to process helium 3 fusion and we could use the space shuttle to transport the fuel from its source (the moon) back to earth.

We will all live indoors and in underground corridors we would build to connect every building so that we could avoid the frigid cold outside. At least until we can build gigantic heat exchangers to warm up our air.

 

[W3pcq]

Of coarse the initial response will be to stockpile garlic, and silver to help protect ourselves from the vampires.

 

[Chi Meson]

Jupiter and Saturn will collide as they would be the two massive objects gravitationally attracted to each other. The other gas planets would soon join and then we would have enough mass to ignite and create a little dwarf star and voila! Earth will have a new body to orbit again.

And before our energy reserves deplete, we would hopefully refine our helium 3 reactors technology and use it to process helium 3 fusion and we could use the space shuttle to transport the fuel from its source (the moon) back to earth.

We will all live indoors and in underground corridors we would build to connect every building so that we could avoid the frigid cold outside. At least until we can build gigantic heat exchangers to warm up our air.

Yes, that is exactly what will happen. Luckily we will have the help of the Xarganthian Empire, but they will later betray us and sell the property of our planet to the Endlochiarghs. We will then be shipped off to the Chruptan quadrant of the galaxy where we will be kept in cryogenic pods for 74 centuries as the Chrupto-Endlochiarghs work through the legal wranglings of the import. Finally an emergency will necessitate our thawing as an encroachment of the tyrant Sahddahm Huhseihn draws nigh. The certainty of the existence of innumerable weapons of negative-mass destruction completes the decision to send the humans in as cannon-fodder as the attack upon the Eirackee Empire ensues.

Tune in next week for the next chapter...

[all in good fun makethings, all in good fun]

 

[wolram]

I will just buy some big sun lamps.

 

[Astronuc]

Yes, that is exactly what will happen. Luckily we will have the help of the Xarganthian Empire, but they will later betray us and sell the property of our planet to the Endlochiarghs. We will then be shipped off to the Chruptan quadrant of the galaxy where we will be kept in cryogenic pods for 74 centuries as the Chrupto-Endlochiarghs work through the legal wranglings of the import. Finally an emergency will necessitate our thawing as an encroachment of the tyrant Sahddahm Huhseihn draws nigh. The certainty of the existence of innumerable weapons of negative-mass destruction completes the decision to send the humans in as cannon-fodder as the attack upon the Eirackee Empire ensues.

Wait! I think you're being a tad bit optimistic there, Chi.

Tune in next week for the next chapter...

[all in good fun makethings, all in good fun]

I can't wait!

 

[Danger]

Where's Zaphod Beeblebrox when you really need him?

 

[russ_watters]

8 minutes.

It would be 8 minutes before we'd start moving off in a tangent, but unless you had a telescope pointed at a star or planet at high magnification, you wouldn't notice for much longer.

Tides are effected by the sun, too, aren't they?

Yes, but not much. 10% maybe? (not sure exactly)

 

[russ_watters]

What about using geothermal heat to stay alive?

We probably could if we had some notice, but if it was a surprise, we'd be dead before we could implement it. And of course, the long term impact would be mass starvation...

 

[frogman]

I'm sure fema has a plan
everthing will be fine

 

[Danger]

I'm sure fema has a plan

So do PETA and NASCAR... won't do any good, though.

 

[Poop-Loops]

It would be 8 minutes before we'd start moving off in a tangent, but unless you had a telescope pointed at a star or planet at high magnification, you wouldn't notice for much longer.

Tides.

 

[DaveC426913]

Yeah, I'm thinkin' the cold would get us in just a few days. Project the natural nighttime drop in temperature forward in time and you get to freezing temperatures pretty quick.

 

[Astronuc]

Depending on the temperature at which the cooldown starts, figure about 3 K/hr cool down. So in 96 hrs (4 days), is down about -288 K - below the boiling point of hydrogen.

However, heat from the Earth may keep the Earth surface above that point for a while.


Surface water would freeze, so would most liquids. So there would be no transportation after about 2-3 days, and no electricity, because power plants require heat exchage with the environment.

 

[BobG]

What about using geothermal heat to stay alive?

About 99.98% of the Earth's energy is received from the Sun. Geothermal provides about 0.013% and tidal energy about 0.002%.

Since about 30% of the Sun's energy is reflected, you could increase the effective percentage of geothermal and tidal energy a bit, but they still essentially add to about zero.

You could concentrate a very small portion of the population around sources of geothermal energy and increase the release of thermal energy to some extent, but nearly the entire population of the world would have no source of energy (except that which was stored in the Earth as oil, natural gas, etc).

Earth's energy budget: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_energy_budget
Earth's energy budget: http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/radiation_facts.html

 

[NeoDevin]

I don't see why everyone makes such a big deal out of this, there are other stars out there we could use :D

 

[Chi Meson]

I don't see why everyone makes such a big deal out of this, there are other stars out there we could use :D

Start rowing!

[imagines huge oars sticking out the sides of the earth]

 

[NeoDevin]

just get everyone onto one side of the planet, and start jumping up and down to force it to go in whatever direction we want.

 

[dst]

We do have about 30,000 nukes waiting to be used. Just bunch them up on one side of the Earth (I know the location 99% of people reading this will have in mind) and let rip towards Alpha Centuari.

 

[russ_watters]

Tides.

Ok, then - also unless you were taking highly precise measurements of the tides, you wouldn't notice until much longer either.

 

[Chi Meson]

We do have about 30,000 nukes waiting to be used. Just bunch them up on one side of the Earth (I know the location 99% of people reading this will have in mind) and let rip towards Alpha Centuari.

That's still a ping pong ball hitting the Titanic.

 

[Astronuc]

Since about 30% of the Sun's energy is reflected, you could increase the effective percentage of geothermal and tidal energy a bit, but they still essentially add to about zero.

At something like -250 C - there will be no tides. There will be no liquid - except possibly hydrogen - on the surface.

If the Earth's temperature were to drop to -250 C in 4 days, people would not have time to collect at geothermal centers - of which there are few. There would be no food, no water, no medicine, no air (that's frozen), no electricity. The Earth would be a desert wasteland.

End of story.

 

[BobG]

At something like -250 C - there will be no tides. There will be no liquid - except possibly hydrogen - on the surface.

If the Earth's temperature were to drop to -250 C in 4 days, people would not have time to collect at geothermal centers - of which there are few. There would be no food, no water, no medicine, no air (that's frozen), no electricity. The Earth would be a desert wasteland.

End of story.

But there'll be sequel, right?

 

[esbo]

I suppose some people could survive if they had a supply of fossil fuel to provide heat to melt the air etc... but it does not sound a great deal of fun.

I guess you might get some benefit from super conductors at absolute zero though.

Sounds like the best place to be would be on a space station.

Also you could let off the worlds entire nuclear weapon supply at a safe distance (arms length) to gain a bit of extra heat.

 

[Danger]

I suppose some people could survive if they had a supply of fossil fuel to provide heat to melt the air etc...

Of course, it would be a bit hard to ignite in the absence of air...

 

[esbo]

Of course, it would be a bit hard to ignite in the absence of air...

Well you would have a while to light it before the air froze.

 

[Danger]

Well you would have a while to light it before the air froze.

Touche.
Damn, I hate it when someone gets in the last word on me.

 

[rewebster]

my guess would be that the areas not near water, or the ocean effect, would drop about 15 to 20 degrees a day, until it reached what the polar regions are when there is no sun----that is, to about minus 50 to minus 80 F.

As soon as the oceans cool, that's when every thing would definitely drop even lower. And with no sun, the plants would die off---I can't remember who determined exactly as to how fast after the meteorite hit that most of the vegetation died off, but I'd guess a week to three weeks, and it wouldn't help the plants as the temp drops below zero everywhere--end result: no new food production or oxygen production.

So besides the suicides, murders over food, riots, the temps so cold, no natural light to get around, etc. --I'd say 90% of the population gone within two months-95% gone in six months-99.99999% gone within a year---the rest gone within two to three years, except maybe some, 5000-10000, within some governments with highly specialized long term shelters.