Compilers and assemblers serve distinct functions in the programming process. Assemblers convert low-level assembly language directly into machine code, typically translating one instruction at a time, often with some additional features like macro expansion. In contrast, compilers translate higher-level programming languages, such as C or Fortran, into machine language, often resulting in a one-to-many relationship between input and output. Compilers usually generate assembly language as an intermediate step, which can then be processed by an assembler to produce the final machine code. The different names reflect their specific roles in translating code from one form to another.