What's the real number sign with a + under it?

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Homework Statement


What does the real number sign with a + under it mean? Check the example below.

Homework Equations


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/en/math/8/d/3/8d380fa4b673b84ddb613bed8ab8f189.png


The Attempt at a Solution


Tried Googling, but didn't find anything.
 
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I've never seen this notation, but i'd say it means the positive real numbers.
 
It typically means positive real numbers, or occasionally non-negative real numbers depending on the context and how lazy the author is
 
Just to mention it... normally you find it (I found it...) as a power rather than as a subscript!
 
There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...
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