Which Type of Sensor is More Accurate: Thermocouple or RTD?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the accuracy comparison between thermocouples, specifically K-type sensors, and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) like Pt100. Participants explore the accuracy calculations, measurement ranges, and practical applications of these sensors in various temperature environments.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Experimental/applied

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants calculate the accuracy of K-type thermocouples based on specific temperature environments, suggesting values around +/- 0.95°C and +/- 3.2°C depending on the full scale.
  • Others argue that typical K-type thermocouples have accuracy ranges of +/- 1.5°C to +/- 2.5°C at lower temperatures and 0.4% to 0.75% at higher temperatures, indicating that previously suggested accuracies may be too low.
  • One participant suggests that for higher accuracy needs, a Pt100 sensor may be preferable, though this depends on the specific application and required measurement range.
  • Another participant mentions the calibration of the K-type sensor and questions whether the stated accuracy applies outside the calibration range of 18-28°C.
  • Participants note that thermocouples react faster than RTDs but are generally less accurate, with a trade-off in measurement range.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

There is no consensus on the accuracy of K-type thermocouples, with participants presenting differing calculations and interpretations of specifications. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the best sensor choice for specific applications.

Contextual Notes

Some calculations depend on assumptions about full scale and calibration ranges, which may not apply universally. The accuracy values discussed vary based on temperature ranges and specific sensor models.

Su Solberg
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I wonder whether the accuracy of that thermometer with a type K sensor is as follow:

encironment: 90'C
Sensor type: resistance sensor
so the accuracy = +/- 90*0.005+0.5 = +/-0.95'C

Thanks for your help.
 

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Su Solberg said:
I wonder whether the accuracy of that thermometer with a type K sensor is as follow:

encironment: 90'C
Sensor type: resistance sensor
so the accuracy = +/- 90*0.005+0.5 = +/-0.95'C

Thanks for your help.

It's a K-type thermocouple:

Usually accuracies are measured as a function of the full scale (FS). In the first instance this would be a full scale of 1350°C (from -50 to 1300). so +- 0.2% of that would be 2.7°C then plus the 0.5°C would be +- 3.2°C. Or it is +- 2.7°C + 0.5, which would be +3.2/-2.2°C So if it reads 90°C it the temperature could actually lie anywhere between 86.8°C and 93.2°C... or between 87.8°C and 93.2°C
 
redargon said:
It's a K-type thermocouple:

Usually accuracies are measured as a function of the full scale (FS). In the first instance this would be a full scale of 1350°C (from -50 to 1300). so +- 0.2% of that would be 2.7°C then plus the 0.5°C would be +- 3.2°C. Or it is +- 2.7°C + 0.5, which would be +3.2/-2.2°C So if it reads 90°C it the temperature could actually lie anywhere between 86.8°C and 93.2°C... or between 87.8°C and 93.2°C

Since the catelog said the calabration (* it has not said measured accuracy) is performed at 18-28 Celsius, may I say the accuracies is not FS any more? just the error is (0.14°C+0.5°C = 0.64°C)

Btw, it is thermocopule type sensor

Thank you very much for your help.
 
No, I don't think so. From what I know, typical k-type thermocouples have between +-1.5°C and +-2.5°C accuracy in the lower temperatures (-50°C to 350°C) and around 0.4 to 0.75% of the temperature for higher temperatures (above 350°C). So, 0.64°C seems a little low for a typical K-type.

if you want something more accurate, i would suggest a Pt100 temperature sensor, although it depends on your situation and what range you want to measure and what accuracy you really require.
 
redargon said:
No, I don't think so. From what I know, typical k-type thermocouples have between +-1.5°C and +-2.5°C accuracy in the lower temperatures (-50°C to 350°C) and around 0.4 to 0.75% of the temperature for higher temperatures (above 350°C). So, 0.64°C seems a little low for a typical K-type.

if you want something more accurate, i would suggest a Pt100 temperature sensor, although it depends on your situation and what range you want to measure and what accuracy you really require.

Thanks for your advise.

Since the Type K thermometer will have +- 1.5 to 2.5'C at -50-350'C, it is poorer than a mecury glass tube thermometer!

The application of the sensor is conduct a flow measurement for compressor by getting pressure difference between a nozzle(measure the mass flow rate and transform back to volume flow). The temperature is around 100'C.

I wonder Pt100's principle and is it much more expensive?

Thanks for your reply.

p.s. the attached is the spec. of the thermometer
 

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sorry that it took a while to get back to you, i was on holiday.

here is a interesting link for considerations whether to use a thermocouple or a pt100 (a typical type of resistance temperature detector or RTD): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_thermometer#When_to_use_RTDs_or_thermocouples

Bear in mind that you can log the measurements from a thermocouple or RTD electronically if you want to measure and analyse data over a longer period experiment. Whereas, with a standard thermometer you have to either write down the observed values or set up a video camera to read the results.

Thermocouples react quicker than RTD's (from fractions of a second instead of 2-10seconds), but are less accurate (+-2% instead of 0.2%). Thermocouples also have larger temperature ranges.
 

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