Try reading his books, they usually have a bit of his bio in them.
Page 3 of Hyperspace talks about some of the events that led to his becoming a scientist.
He's a theor. physics professor at City College of the City University of New York and graduated from Harvard and went on to get his Ph.D at U of C Berkeley.
He was 8 in 1955 (Einstein's death year), so it would make him about 56 or 57.
I think he homeschooled his kids or grandkids.
Here's Coast to Coast's version of his bio:
Bio
Michio Kaku, professor of theoretical physics and co-founder of string field theory, is the author of nine books, including the best-selling "Hyperspace: A Scientific Odyssey Through Parallel Universes, Time Warps, and the 10th Dimension," and most recently, "Visions: How Science Will Revolutionize the 21st Century." His doctorate-level textbooks are required reading at top physics labs worldwide.
Just do a google search. Here's a good link to some bio info:
http://prop1.org/2000/cassini/9707kaku.htm
As for how he thinks and details on his work, you'll just have to read his books and listen to interviews and seminars. Try some libraries, too.