- #1
Happiness
- 679
- 30
Why not some other configurations, like 150V/100Hz or 500V/500Hz?
I'm referring to the mains electricity.
I'm referring to the mains electricity.
Mains electricity requires big transformers, therefore laminated iron is chosen as core ( low price ).Happiness said:Why not some other configurations, like 150V/100Hz or 500V/500Hz?
I think the frequency is in question here, not the voltage.Rippetherocker said:There ARE other standards... Like 440V/60Hz 380V/50Hz. Whats stopping a uniform code is just human laziness and rigidity.
Oh ok. That has already been done to death on the forum lolHesch said:I think the frequency is in question here, not the voltage.
50Hz is a european standard, 60Hz is american.
Also the fact that ripping out and replacing the electrical infrastructure of one continent or the other would not be quick, easy, or cheap.Rippetherocker said:There ARE other standards... Like 440V/60Hz 380V/50Hz. Whats stopping a uniform code is just human laziness and rigidity.
When you lower the voltage and the current goes up, the ironcore will get colder, but the coils will get warmer. The transformer will get skew as to temperature, and its life will not last 20 years. ( It will short circuit within 15 years. )psparky said:I am going to make the same horsepower, but I am going to draw more amps because of lower voltage.
Well, you have a transformer formula (sinusoidal current/voltage):psparky said:does the 60 to 50 hz make a difference?
psparky said:With the new 380 unit, I am going to make the same horsepower, but I am going to draw more amps because of lower voltage. I can see how a ratio from 460 to 380 could figure out your new higher amps...but does the 60 to 50 hz make a difference?
SteamKing said:Also the fact that ripping out and replacing the electrical infrastructure of one continent or the other would not be quick, easy, or cheap.
How long would you be willing to sit in the dark just so that all electricity is the same standard voltage and frequency?
Optimum power grid frequency regarding what?anorlunda said:Years ago the Russians studied the question of optimum power grid frequency if no history existed. They considered all components and effects, not just transformers.
Hesch said:Optimum power grid frequency regarding what?
In America and Europe we are regarding economy/costs.
I don't think you can compare american/european economy with russian economy.
Don't be so sure about that:anorlunda said:the, "Who cares?" Is universal.
Not sure there is a transformer involved in this situation. But I haven't seen the final spec sheet.Hesch said:@psparky: A transformer is a very robust component that can "run just fine" with other (lower) voltages and frequecies. But it's not optimal any longer, regarding wear in the transformer.
Mains transformers are expensive, thus you want such a transformer to function the next 20 years. When you overload the transformer, it will not be broken, it will just increase its life-time-consumption (free translation from danish) so that it can use 5 hours/hour of its lifetime. The transformer will be worn by high temperatures (insulation will be worn), and the life-time-consumption will increase drastically even by a few deg C above ratings.
When you lower the voltage and the current goes up, the ironcore will get colder, but the coils will get warmer. The transformer will get skew as to temperature, and its life will not last 20 years. ( It will short circuit within 15 years. )
Well, you have a transformer formula (sinusoidal current/voltage):
Veff = 4,44 * f * N * A * B. (f=frequency, N=number of turns, A=cross section area of magnetic circuit, B=magnetic induction).
So changing f, you must change N*A*B.
Increasing N → thinner wire → increased copper losses
Increasing A is not a relevant option.
Increasing B → higher iron losses
but
decreasing f → lower iron losses
So the answer to your question is: yes, some good and some bad differences.
It's a hard job to optimize a transformer (a lot of calculations), so you use a computerprogram combined with a "cut and try" process to optimize it.
jim hardy said:It's volts per hertz that matters to the transformer and motor cores.
460 X50/60 =383 , so the voltage reduction to 380 looks about right because it'll make flux be the same.
hmmmmm but it seems to me the motors are going to run slower at 50 hz that at 60 unless they have vfd's.
fan affinity laws say fan power is cube of speed so the fans will draw a lot less power
the positive displacement compressor is the biggest motor, i think it'd be linear..
Is the unit rated same tonnage at 50hz as at 60 ? Or 5/6 (.833) as much ?
That'd be interesting trivia to know, why they "derated " it and what was the thought process..psparky said:Actually, it was going to be a 7 ton unit, but they changed it to a 10 ton...the mechanical guy said the 10 ton was "de-rated".
jim hardy said:That'd be interesting trivia to know, why they "derated " it and what was the thought process..
If it's because the compressor moves only 83% as much refrigerant at 50 hz, then the unit ought to run very well for it'll have more than enough area in its heat exchangers.
jim hardy said:That'd be interesting trivia to know, why they "derated " it and what was the thought process..
If it's because the compressor moves only 83% as much refrigerant at 50 hz, then the unit ought to run very well for it'll have more than enough area in its heat exchangers.
hmmmpsparky said:I suppose that will put the fan amps closer to there original spec since the 50 Hz motor will pull more amps to maintain its same speed while spinning the fan faster via pulley ratios.
The standard voltage for household appliances is determined by the power grid of a country. In most countries, the power grid operates at either 220V/50Hz or 110V/60Hz. This standard was chosen based on a balance between safety, efficiency, and cost. Using higher voltages allows for more efficient transmission of electricity over long distances, while lower frequencies reduce the risk of electrical fires. However, these standards may vary in different countries due to historical, economic, and technical factors.
The numbers 220 and 110 refer to the voltage, which is the potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. In this case, it represents the maximum amount of electrical energy that can be delivered to a household appliance. The higher the voltage, the more energy can be transmitted through the circuit, resulting in more powerful appliances.
The frequency, measured in Hertz (Hz), refers to the number of times the current alternates direction per second. In other words, it represents the speed at which the electricity flows. The standard frequency for household appliances is 50Hz or 60Hz, depending on the country. Generally, a higher frequency results in more efficient transmission of electricity, but it may also cause more wear and tear on devices that use motors or have moving parts.
No, you cannot use an appliance designed for 220V/50Hz in a 110V/60Hz outlet or vice versa. The voltage and frequency requirements of an appliance are specific and must match the power supply in order to function properly and safely. Using an appliance with the wrong voltage or frequency can cause damage to the appliance and pose a safety hazard.
The standard voltage and frequency used in a country are determined by a variety of factors, including the history of the electrical infrastructure, economic considerations, and technical capabilities. In general, countries with higher population densities and longer transmission distances tend to use higher voltages and lower frequencies for more efficient power transmission. However, there are exceptions and variations based on the unique circumstances of each country.