Why Are Some Transition Metals Colored?

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Understanding the colors of oxidation states for transition metals from scandium to zinc is essential for A-level chemistry. A practical approach is to focus on memorizing the colors of the more commonly encountered oxidation states, as many of the less common states are often colorless. This strategy simplifies the learning process, allowing students to prioritize the most relevant information for their exams.
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For my a levels, I think I need to know the colours of each oxidation state of the transition metals, from scandium to zinc.

Is there any easy way to remember each one?
 
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If you really need them, try to remember only those colored and assume if you don't know the color, it is colorless.
 

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