Why are things the color they are?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the question of why objects have specific colors, exploring the relationship between atomic properties and color perception. It touches on concepts from physics, color vision, and the interaction of light with matter.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes a lack of observable patterns in the periodic table that correlate with the colors of different materials, questioning how diverse substances can appear similar in color.
  • Another participant emphasizes that color perception is not a direct representation of light wavelengths, suggesting that the human eye's limitations lead to different materials being perceived as the same color.
  • A participant summarizes that certain wavelengths are absorbed or reflected by materials, but seeks further explanation on the underlying causes of these interactions.
  • One participant shifts the focus to transparency, suggesting it is a more intriguing question than color, and provides a resource for further exploration of the topic.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of color and its relation to atomic properties, with no consensus reached on the underlying mechanisms or the significance of transparency versus color.

Contextual Notes

Some statements rely on assumptions about color perception and the interaction of light with matter that may not be universally accepted or fully explained. The discussion includes references to external resources for further information.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to high school students exploring the concepts of color and light, as well as those curious about the physics of materials and perception.

Kyran
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TL;DR
I've heard certain wavelengths are absorbed and some are reflected by different things but what causes that?
I have not noticed anything in common between all things that are the same color. It must be something on the atomic level but if I look at the periodic table I see no pattern in how things behave and what their color is. So how can the sun be the same color as a highlighter and plastic the same color as jeans when they are made of very different things? I'm a high school student so chances are you'll have to explain this in your version of lamense terms.
 
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Forget the Physics of how matter interacts (emits / absorbs / reflects etc.) light of different wavelengths. This is a separate issue from colour vision.

The answer to your question is that your eyes are not spectrometers; many different combinations of wavelengths are perceived as the same 'colour' because our analysis is, in fact very crude. Colour TV works because of this. An object that the camera records will have a spectrum which the camera (mimicking your eye) analyses (filters) into three values which are related to the familiar RGB values. The electronics takes these values and adds them in a complicated way. A new set of (actual this time) R G B values are fed to the red, green and blue LEDs of the display. When the system is working correctly, your eye will 'see' the colour of the image as being (very nearly) the same as the 'colour' of the original object.
Colour TV systems would never get away with such a simple colour reproduction method if our eyes were, in fact, any smarter.

Near enough is good enough.
 
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Kyran said:
Summary:: I've heard certain wavelengths are absorbed and some are reflected by different things but what causes that?

I have not noticed anything in common between all things that are the same color. It must be something on the atomic level but if I look at the periodic table I see no pattern in how things behave and what their color is. So how can the sun be the same color as a highlighter and plastic the same color as jeans when they are made of very different things? I'm a high school student so chances are you'll have to explain this in your version of lamense terms.
There should be quite a lot online about this. E.g.

https://www.zmescience.com/science/physics/what-gives-colour/
 
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