Why Do High Energy Discharges Arc?

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In summary, the reason for high energy discharges to arc rather than travel in a straight path is due to the least resistive path, which is often the path of convection in ionized air. The shapes of electric arcs are influenced by nonlinear patterns of current and electric field, and they occur in the space between two conductive electrodes. Additionally, ionized air is not stationary but has high energy and movement, which can be influenced by non-ionized air.
  • #1
peter.ell
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I'm interested in understanding why high energy discharges arc rather than just travel in a more direct straight path.

Thanks for the enlightenment.
 
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  • #2
Ionized air in an arc rises because it is hot from joule heating. I'm not entirely certain why the air glows though. In short, it's not about the shortest path, but the least resistive one, so if the conductive medium rises due to convection, then the electricity will follow.
 
  • #3
Per here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_arc

The various shapes of electric arc are emergent properties of nonlinear patterns of current and electric field. The arc occurs in the gas-filled space between two conductive electrodes (often made of tungsten or carbon) and it results in a very high temperature, capable of melting or vaporizing most materials.

When air is ionized, the particles don't simply stay stationary. They have very high energy and move around. I'd also guess more non-ionized air probably moves in and around the ionized air and contributes to drift and other effects.
 

Related to Why Do High Energy Discharges Arc?

1. Why do high energy discharges arc?

High energy discharges arc due to the buildup of electrical potential between two objects with different charges. When the difference in charges becomes too great, the electricity will jump across the gap between the two objects, creating an arc.

2. What causes the buildup of electrical potential?

The buildup of electrical potential is caused by the separation of charges. This can occur naturally, such as during a thunderstorm, or artificially, such as in a high voltage electrical system.

3. How does the electricity jump across the gap?

The electricity jumps across the gap due to the strong electric field present. This electric field exerts a force on the charged particles, causing them to move towards the opposite charge. If the field is strong enough, the charged particles will overcome the resistance of the air and create an arc.

4. Are high energy discharges dangerous?

High energy discharges can be very dangerous, as they can cause fires, explosions, and electrocution. It is important to handle high energy discharges with caution and to follow safety protocols when working with them.

5. Can high energy discharges be controlled?

Yes, high energy discharges can be controlled through the use of insulating materials and protective equipment. Proper design and maintenance of electrical systems can also help prevent unexpected arcing. Additionally, specialized equipment, such as circuit breakers and surge protectors, can be used to control and contain high energy discharges.

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