Why Do Electrons Further Away from the Nucleus Have More Energy?

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Electrons further from the nucleus possess more energy due to their position in higher energy orbitals. This energy is often discussed in terms of potential energy, which can be confusing since potential energy is typically inversely related to distance from the nucleus. However, the relationship depends on the nature of the charges involved. When considering the work done to change the distance between charged particles, it's essential to understand that the work done affects the potential energy of the system. Thus, while potential energy decreases with increased distance in some contexts, the energy of electrons in higher orbitals reflects their ability to do work and interact with the nucleus.
henry3369
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Why do electrons further away from the nucleus have more energy? When my book mentions energy in different orbitals, is it talking about potential energy? If it is, I'm confused because potential energy is inversely related to distance, so if distance increases, the potential energy decreases.
 
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henry3369 said:
potential energy is inversely related to distance,

That depends on the charges involved and whether they repel or attract. Try to think in terms of work done to change the distance between charges. How does the work done change the potential energy of the system?
 

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