Why does AC have less copper loss than DC

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the comparative analysis of copper losses in AC (Alternating Current) versus DC (Direct Current) power transmission. Participants explore the implications of the skin effect, voltage levels, and the efficiency of power distribution systems, focusing on theoretical and practical aspects of electrical engineering.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that AC has less copper loss due to the ability to transmit power at higher voltages, which results in lower currents and subsequently lower I²R losses in the copper wire.
  • Others argue that for the same voltage and power transmitted, DC has less power loss, referencing external sources to support this claim.
  • There is a mention of the skin effect, which may contradict the assertion that AC has less copper loss, leading to confusion among participants.
  • One participant notes that the historical context of AC power transmission, including the development of transformers, allowed for efficient high-voltage transmission and step-down to lower voltages, which was not as feasible with DC.
  • Another participant emphasizes that low tension DC transmission results in significantly higher I²R losses, indicating a potential disadvantage of DC in certain contexts.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the comparative losses of AC and DC, with no consensus reached on the overall advantages of one over the other. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the implications of the skin effect and the conditions under which each type of current may be more efficient.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference various assumptions about voltage levels, power transmission methods, and historical developments in electrical engineering without fully resolving the implications of these factors on copper losses.

Buggsy GC
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Hi there everyone, I'm doing some study on electronics and the section on the advantages of A/C over DC mentioned that AC has less copper loss (I^2 x R), But to me this seems contradictory to the skin effect. Could someone please tell me why AC has less copper loss.
 
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For the same voltage and for the same power transmitted over a copper line, DC has less power loss. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current

However the reason that AC power transmission has dominated is that the equipment to transform between high voltage (in order to transmit the power for fewer losses) and low voltage (power for domestic use) is cheaper and less complicated. AC generators were also cheaper and more efficient.
 
Buggsy GC said:
Hi there everyone, I'm doing some study on electronics and the section on the advantages of A/C over DC mentioned that AC has less copper loss (I^2 x R), But to me this seems contradictory to the skin effect. Could someone please tell me why AC has less copper loss.

I suspect this is confused. Most likely it's due to the answer that Delta gave eg...

AC power transmission is done at higher voltage. Higher voltage implies lower current for same power. Lower current means lower I2R losses in the copper wire.
 
Buggsy GC said:
Hi there everyone, I'm doing some study on electronics and the section on the advantages of A/C over DC mentioned that AC has less copper loss (I^2 x R), But to me this seems contradictory to the skin effect. Could someone please tell me why AC has less copper loss.
This is probably in reference to the development of the area-wide power distribution system, in an era when the choice was basically between DC all-the-way or AC all-the-way. Transformers enabled the efficient transmission of AC at high tension followed by a step-down to consumer voltages, whereas there was no equivalent available for efficiently stepping down DC at the power levels involved.

Transmitting low tension DC throughout a power network involves cripplingly-high I2⋅R losses.
 

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