Why does an ideal voltmeter have infinite resistance?

Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the concept of why an ideal voltmeter is considered to have infinite resistance, particularly in relation to its impact on circuit measurements. Participants explore the implications of finite resistance in voltmeters and how it affects voltage readings in various circuit configurations.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants express confusion about how the current flowing through a voltmeter affects measurements, especially when the resistance of the ammeter is not infinite.
  • One participant suggests that having an ideal voltmeter with infinite resistance allows for voltage measurements that do not alter the circuit's behavior, while acknowledging that a finite resistance would lead to different voltage readings due to current flow.
  • Another participant notes that an analog voltmeter has components with finite resistance, which is accounted for in its calibration.
  • A participant elaborates on the relationship between the current through the voltmeter and the overall circuit, explaining that any current through the voltmeter will also flow through the circuit, potentially altering node voltages and creating additional voltage drops.
  • Specific circuit examples are provided to illustrate how varying the resistance of the voltmeter affects voltage readings across circuit elements.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not appear to reach a consensus on the implications of finite resistance in voltmeters, with multiple viewpoints on how it affects voltage measurements and circuit behavior remaining present.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include assumptions about circuit configurations and the ideal behavior of voltmeters versus real-world applications, which may not be fully resolved in the discussion.

Leo Liu
Messages
353
Reaction score
156
Context:
1643602111468.png

What I don't understand is why the little current that flows through the converted voltmeter can affect the measurement when the resistance of the resistor added to the ammeter is not infinite. Can someone please explain this to me? Thanks.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
Leo Liu said:
Context:
View attachment 296294
What I don't understand is why the little current that flows through the converted voltmeter can affect the measurement when the resistance of the resistor added to the ammeter is not infinite. Can someone please explain this to me? Thanks.
I think it is simply a convenience so that we can discuss a voltage measurement that doesn't change the network it is connected to. You certainly can have a voltmeter with finite shunt resistance, but then the voltage you measure might not be the same as the voltage between those circuit nodes before or after the meter is connected. This is because the current that would flow through the voltmeter would change the result.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: vanhees71 and sysprog
An analog voltmeter has an indicator needle that is driven by coils which have a finite resistance that is adjusted for in the calibration.
 
Oops, sorry, I didn't really answer your question. The short version is that whatever current flows through the voltmeter must also flow through the circuit network you are measuring. This will cause additional voltage drops and redistribute the various node voltages.

Consider this simple circuit, with the ammeter having zero resistance (not including R):

20220130_215728.jpg


The voltage across R2 will be 1V when R=∞, or when the voltmeter is disconnected. The current through R1, I1=1mA.
But if R=1KΩ, then that would be the same as if R2=500Ω, in which case the voltage across R2 is 0.556V with the current through R1 being 1.11mA, equally divided between R2 and the meter.
Then in the extreme case of R=0, the voltage is 0V, the current through R1 is 1.25mA and it all flows through the meter.
 
  • Like
  • Love
Likes   Reactions: vanhees71, Leo Liu and sysprog
DaveE said:
...
Ah I see. Thanks a lot!
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: berkeman and DaveE

Similar threads

  • · Replies 14 ·
Replies
14
Views
62K
  • · Replies 105 ·
4
Replies
105
Views
12K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
2K
  • · Replies 57 ·
2
Replies
57
Views
13K
  • · Replies 38 ·
2
Replies
38
Views
6K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
4K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
3K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
3K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K