Why does total internal reflection happen in glass?

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SUMMARY

Total internal reflection occurs in glass when light travels from a medium with a higher refractive index to one with a lower refractive index at angles greater than the critical angle. This phenomenon is governed by Maxwell's equations, which describe the behavior of electromagnetic radiation. At Brewster's angle, one polarization of light is entirely refracted while the other is completely reflected, explaining the use of polarizing sunglasses by fishermen. Understanding these principles is essential for applications in optics and photonics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic radiation
  • Understanding of refractive indices
  • Concept of Brewster's angle
  • Basic principles of optics
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of critical angles in different media
  • Explore applications of total internal reflection in fiber optics
  • Learn about the effects of polarization on light behavior
  • Investigate advanced optical materials and their refractive properties
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, optical engineers, and anyone interested in the principles of light behavior and applications in optical technologies.

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Why does total internal reflection happen in glass?
 
Science news on Phys.org
What determines whether total internal reflection can occur?
 
any microscopic answer?
 
If you go back to Maxwell's equations for the propagation of electromagnetic radiation (E cross H) in media and at surfaces, you will find that there are certain cases where light will be entirely internally reflected. Also, you will find from Maxwell's equations that at a specific angle of incidence on water or glass, one polarization is entirely refracted, and the other completely reflected (Brewster's angle). (Why do fishermen wear polarizing sunglasses?)
 

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