Why does vanadium have maximum observed oxidation state of +5

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Vanadium exhibits a maximum oxidation state of +5 due to its electronic configuration and the stability of its higher oxidation states, which allows it to form stable compounds like vanadates. In contrast, cobalt typically reaches a maximum oxidation state of +3, as higher oxidation states become less stable due to increased electron repulsion and the energy required for further oxidation. The discussion also highlights that chromium(II) solutions are acidic because chromium can hydrolyze water, producing hydroxy complexes that release protons (H+), contributing to acidity. The conversation suggests that the differences in oxidation states between vanadium and cobalt may stem from their distinct electronic structures and the stability of their respective oxidation states. Additionally, while cobalt can exist in a +4 oxidation state in specific compounds like CoF4, this state is not commonly observed in aqueous solutions.
vicki
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why does vanadium have maximum observed oxidation state of +5 while for Co the maximum observed oxidation state is +3? why are solutions of chromium(2) acidic? :confused: :confused:
 
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chromium forms hydroxy complexes with water, hydrolyzing water and releasing H+.
 
vicki said:
why does vanadium have maximum observed oxidation state of +5 while for Co the maximum observed oxidation state is +3?
What would be the place to start, when looking for an answer to this? Should there be any reason for V and Co to have the same oxidation states? (In any case, Co(+4) exists too, such as in the fluoride, CoF4).
 

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