Why is Thallium More Toxic than Other Boron Group Elements?

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Thallium's toxicity compared to other group 13 elements like boron, aluminum, gallium, and indium is attributed to its unique chemical behavior and interactions within biological systems. While other group members are generally non-toxic or exhibit low toxicity, thallium (Tl) and its compounds are extremely toxic. Thallium ions (Tl+) mimic potassium in the body, utilizing potassium pathways for absorption, which disrupts cellular processes by forming harmful sulfur complexes. This behavior contrasts with indium (In3+), which does not exhibit the same toxic effects. The differences in toxicity among group 13 elements highlight the variations in chemical properties that arise with increasing atomic number.
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I am confused as to why thallium is toxic, while the other members of group 13 are safe?

(Quotes are from Wikipedia)
Boron - "Elemental boron [is] non-toxic to humans and animals"
Aluminum - "... [has] extremely low acute toxicity..."
Gallium - "...metallic gallium is not considered toxic..."
Indium - "...is not a toxic hazard."
Thallium - "Thallium and its compounds are extremely toxic"

Why is this the case? It seems that I can touch boron, aluminum, gallium and indium with my bare hands, but not thallium. I don't understand this.

Thanks.
 
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While the elements in a group bear some similarities, they are also different. Nothing surprising about it.
 
Tl+ in aqueous solution behaves like Potassium, it is absorbed into the body by potassium pathways, and then it accepts sulphur complexes (ligands). This is harmful to cellular processes whereas In3+ doesn't.
Bottom line,As borek said there are just similarities between members of the same group. In that way you may ask most elements prefer a Oxi. state of 3+ but Thallium(to an extent In) sow Oxi. state of 1+. It happens due to variations with increase in atomic number. :)
 
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